Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method for characterizing biological particles in aerosol form, such as suspended in an ambient gas, by laser-induced breakdown spectrometry and an associated system.

Abstract: A pulsed generator of electrically charged particles includes a vacuum chamber; wherein the vacuum chamber is configured to maintain an internal operating pressure between 10-6 mbar and atmospheric pressure; the vacuum chamber is configured to accommodate a photocathode and an anode, the photocathode and the anode being separated by an adjustable distance less than or equal to 30 mm; the vacuum chamber includes a window enabling pulsed light to reach firstly a rear face of the photocathode; the anode is arranged downstream of the photocathode and has an orifice suitable for the passage of electrically charged particles; the generator of electrically charged particles includes a system to apply a difference in potential between the photocathode and the anode, the voltage being configured to accelerate the charged particles.

Abstract: A process for the nitrogen doping of a material includes a set of carbon atoms in the sp2 hybridization state. The process further includes the material not being oxidized beforehand, then placing the material in contact with dinitrogen. Irradiating the material and the dinitrogen placed in contact with a beam of electrons or of light ions whose energy is greater than or equal to 0.1 MeV, to obtain a material wherein some of the carbon atoms in the sp2 hybridization state is nitrogen-doped.

Abstract: A process for the nitrogen doping of a material includes a set of carbon atoms in the sp2 hybridization state. The process further includes the material not being oxidized beforehand, then placing the material in contact with dinitrogen. Irradiating the material and the dinitrogen placed in contact with a beam of electrons or of light ions whose energy is greater than or equal to 0.1 MeV, to obtain a material wherein some of the carbon atoms in the sp2 hybridization state is nitrogen-doped.

Abstract: A detector of a high-energy photon, the detector including a photodetector and a detection medium that is intended to absorb a high-energy photon while generating ionization electrons and photons along a luminous phenomenon, the electrons and photons being detected by the photodetector. The detection medium is formed of molecules, having a heavy atom with an atomic number greater than or equal to 72, such that the detection medium is liquid under the operating conditions of the detector. The detector also includes a device for diverting the ionization electrons that are generated by the absorbed photon and moreover includes a collector that collects charges in order to determine the time for diverting the electrons to the charge-collector on the basis of a triggering time that corresponds to the detection of the luminous phenomenon by the photodetector.

Abstract: A detector of a high-energy photon, the detector including a photodetector and a detection medium that is intended to absorb a high-energy photon while generating ionization electrons and photons along a luminous phenomenon, the electrons and photons being detected by the photodetector. The detection medium is formed of molecules, having a heavy atom with an atomic number greater than or equal to 72, such that the detection medium is liquid under the operating conditions of the detector. The detector also includes a device for diverting the ionization electrons that are generated by the absorbed photon and moreover includes a collector that collects charges in order to determine the time for diverting the electrons to the charge-collector on the basis of a triggering time that corresponds to the detection of the luminous phenomenon by the photodetector.

Abstract: A two-part compact includes (a) a casing (2) having a bottom (6) delimiting at least one compartment (8a-8c) intended to contain at least a first product, for example, a make-up product (P1, P2, P3), and at least one lid (10a, 10b) mounted on the bottom so as, selectively, to occupy an open position or a closed position in which it/they removably cover(s) the compartment(s); (b) a case (4), intended to contain a second product (P4), mounted removably on the casing (2). The case (4) is mounted on the casing in such a way that it cannot be detached from the casing unless at least one of the lids (10a) is open. Advantageously, the first product (P1, P2, P3) is a compact powder and the second product (P4) is a stick of lipstick.

Abstract: A box with two side panels, a front panel, a rear panel and at least one opening has two side flaps extending the side panels and a closure flap extending the rear panel. The closure flap has a tongue with a projecting abutment-forming surface. Each of the side flaps have cutout areas designed to interface with the tongue of the closure flap in such a manner as to facilitate insertion of the tongue between the front panel and the side flaps and resist removal of the tongue once insertion is completed.

Abstract: A pumping device for removing liquid from a container and dispensing it in the form of a spray includes a pump attached to the upper end of a container. A pump body is engaged in the container and a piston is movable in the container and is provided with a hollow rod projecting outside of the pump. A cylindrical cap is attachable to the container and has a pivoting actuating and dispensing element provided with a dispensing nozzle communicating through a passage with a cylindrical sheath projecting inside the actuating element. The free end of the hollow rod of the pump piston engages the sheath, and the hollow rod is flexible over part of its length as measured from its free end.

Abstract: A flexible packaging tube comprising a malleable elongate tubular body obtained by blow-molding, having a closed bottom without folding or crimping due to heat-sealing, and a cylindrical outlet portion formed by a shoulder zone at the top of said tubular body. When the tubular body is seen in front elevation, its apparent width increases downwardly from the shoulder zone where the tubular body connects with the top cylindrical outlet portion to the bottom end constituting the bottom of the tubular body.

Abstract: A process for treatment of a secondary gas including ozone, comprising the steps of:a) adding an adjacent gas including CO.sub.2 to the secondary gas to form a mixture of secondary gas and adjacent gas;b) passing the mixture of secondary gas and of adjacent gas obtained at the end of stage a) into at least one stock of adsorbent, where the ozone is completely or partly adsorbed;c) sweeping the stock of adsorbent with the aid of a desorbing gas including CO.sub.2, and discharging from an outlet of the stock an output gas including ozone, wherein the ozone has a concentration which is higher in the output gas than the ozone concentration of the secondary gas.

Abstract: A precompression pump for spraying a liquid comprises a pumping chamber (502) containing a first piston (507) associated with an operating member (506), this piston bearing against a first spring (509); a precompression chamber (505) equipped with a second piston (510) bearing against a second spring (511), the precompression chamber communicating with the pumping chamber via a passage (550), so that their axes of symmetry being offset. A feed channel (504) equipped with a valve (504a, 515) emerges in the pumping chamber. A dispensing element (517) is equipped with a nozzle (520) and with a dispensing channel (518) connecting the nozzle to the precompression chamber, the latter including a device (F) for placing in communication and for closing the said passage (550), so that communication is interrupted in the position of rest of the pump and so that communication is established under the action of the operating member.

Abstract: A precompression pump for the spraying of a liquid includes a pumping chamber (2) containing a first piston (7) associated with a manipulating element (6), this piston bearing against a first spring (9). A precompression chamber (5) is provided with a second piston (10) bearing against a second spring (11), the precompression chamber communicating with the pumping chamber, their axes of symmetry being offset. A feeder duct (4) is provided with a valve (4a, 15) leading into the pumping chamber. A dispensing element (17) is provided with a nozzle (20) and with a dispensing duct (18) connecting the nozzle and the precompression chamber. The connection between the nozzle and the precompression chamber is interrupted in the rest position of the pump and is established under the action of the manipulating element.

Abstract: This unit ensures the dispensing of a liquid in the form of droplets in a virtually continuous manner and a comprises a reservoir (2) containing the liquid to be sprayed, this reservoir communicating with a feeder duct (3) of a precompression pump (4) provided with a delivery duct (5) communication with a spraying nozzle (8). There is a manually-activated pushbutton (7) for actuating the pump and spraying this liquid, this pump comprising a cylindrical body (6) joined to the feeder duct (3), and a piston (10) capable of sliding in a portion with a diameter of the body (6) under the actuation of the pushbutton (7) against a spring (11) along a stroke C. A one-way valve prevents the return of the liquid. A flexible closure (12, 13) releases a dispensing duct (14) in the pump when the pressure obtaining in the body following the actuation of the pushbutton (7) exceeds a specified value.

Abstract: A device for keeping two products in respective containers separate from one another, and for mixing them when desired for use. A seal including a sealing plate is connected to one of the containers, and a closure partition equipped with a seat is connected to the other of the containers. In a closed position, the sealing plate seals against the seat, but a relative translational displacement of the two containers moves the plate away from the seat, opens the seal, increases an internal volume of the assembly of the two containers, and allows the products to mix.

Abstract: Device for dispensing a fluid product, comprising a container (102) fitted with a dispensing member (103) comprising a dispensing head (104) which can be moved in translation and is fitted with a button (104a). A cap (106) covers the container (102) and the dispensing head (104), on which cap a lever (107) is articulated. The lever carries a bearing element (109) capable of bearing on the button (104a) of the dispensing head (104) in order to push in the dispensing head (104). The bearing element (109) has, in cross-section through a plane of rotation of the lever (107), a shape such that a force applied to the end of the lever (107) is transmitted to a constant point (P) of the button of the dispensing head (104) and in that while the head (104) is being pushed in, the point (P) of application of the force moves parallel to the axis of translation (X--X) of the head (104) of the dispensing member. The bearing element (109) more particularly has the shape of an involute of a circle (C).

Abstract: An assembly for spraying a liquid comprises a dispensing head (3) fixed onto a container (2). The dispensing head (3) includes two chambers (34, 35) aligned on the same longitudinal axis and contained in a single body (33). The two chambers are separated by a transverse partition (39). The first chamber (34) is closed by a piston mounted so as to slide with respect to a rod (7). The rod (7) carries, at its end opposite the piston (6), a point (71) whose seat is the opening (37) for communication between the first chamber (34) and the second chamber (35), which opening is made in the partition (39). The first chamber (34) is connected to the container (2) by a non-return valve (9). The second chamber (35) is provided with a spray nozzle (11) which, being located on a fixed wall, is itself fixed.

Abstract: A packaging device for cosmetics includes a body defining a chamber with a lid articulated thereto. The packaging device has an operating element rotatably mounted on the body which has an inclined ramp. The lid has, in the vicinity of its articulation on the body, a tongue which engages a vertical guide provided in a wall of the body. The tongue is slidably attached to the ramp and moves in a vertical direction as the operating element is rotated. The rotational movement of the operating element relative to the body and to the tongue provides for a guided translational movement of the tongue along the wall of the body and the tilting of the lid around its articulation axis on the body.

Abstract: A tubular case closed at its two ends respectively by a first side wall carrying two electric supply terminals and a second side wall carrying a hot gas outlet nozzle for discharging a jet of heated oxygen. A heating tube extends axially through the case constituting a heating resistance, the wall or this heating tube being provided in one of its end portions with at least one opening for the passage of the gas to the interior of the heating tube and the outlet nozzle. The case also includes a heat exchanger of thermoconductive material and gas pre-heating means.

Abstract: The system comprises a flexible line provided with means for collecting products scattered at the water bottom by circulating the flexible line in contact with these products. On the rising portion of the path followed by the flexible line, the collecting means are passed through a tubular casing for simultaneously protecting the surrounding water against pollution from products released, while hoisting the products to the surface.