Abstract: A method and system for removing substances from a surface, in which the surface is irradiated by high-energy laser radiation, characterized in that the laser parameters are chosen to selectively remove one or more predetermined substances from the surface without removing other substances from the surface.

Abstract: When capacity coupling between an output gate electrode (OG) and a last-stage transfer electrode is large at an output end of a CCD shift register, an electric potential of the OG is varied according to transfer clocks with the result that noise is liable to generate in an output signal. As measures for this, convex portions projecting horizontally are formed in those positions of the last-stage transfer electrode and the OG, which correspond to a channel region, and overlap between the electrodes is caused only on the convex portions. A clearance is formed between the OG and the transfer electrode except those locations, in which the convex portions are provided. In that location, in which the OG and the transfer electrode, respectively, are extended relatively lengthily toward wirings, the electrodes do not overlap each other. In this manner, capacity coupling between the electrodes is reduced.