Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for using mammalian RNase H and compositions thereof, particularly for reduction of a selected cellular RNA target via antisense technology.

Abstract: Oligonucleotides and other macromolecules are provided that have increased nuclease resistance, substituent groups for increasing binding affinity to complementary strand, and sub-sequences of 2?-deoxy-erythro-pentofuranosyl nucleotides that activate RNase H enzyme. Such oligonucleotides and macromolecules are useful for diagnostics and other research purposes, for modulating protein in organisms, and for the diagnosis, detection and treatment of other conditions susceptible to antisense therapeutics.

Abstract: The present invention provides a solid sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB) formulation, comprising sucrose acetate isobutyrate in an amount from about 1 weight percent to about 80 weight percent based on the total weight percent of the total solid formulation; and a solid substrate that is soluble in water or oil, wherein the substrate is present in an amount from about 99 weight percent to about 30 weight percent based on the weight of the formulation, wherein the formulation is pourable in less than about 20 seconds according to ASTM method D1895-96. The SAIB formulation is useful in beverage applications.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions and methods which enhance the delivery of oligonucleotides and other nucleosidic moieties via topical routes of administration. Preferred compositions include liposomes or penetration enhancers for the delivery of such moieties to dermal and/or epidermal tissue in an animal for investigative, therapeutic or prophylactic purposes.

Abstract: Nucleosides and oligonucleosides functionalized to include carbamate functionality, and derivatives thereof. In certain embodiments, the compounds of the invention further include steroids, reporter molecules, reporter enzymes, lipophilic molecules, peptides or proteins attached to the nucleosides through the carbamate group.

Abstract: Oligonucleotide analogs are disclosed having pyrimidine monomeric sub-units therein that are modified at eh 2? and 5? positions. Monomeric sub-units having these modifications may be further modified at the 2? position. Improved processes for the synthesis of 2?-O-substituted pyrimidine nucleosides are also provided. The processes feature alkylation of a 2,2?-anhydropyrimidine nucleoside or a 2S,2?-anhydropyrimidine nucleoside with a weak nucleophile in the presence of a Lewis acid.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the recovery of a phytolipid composition from a vegetable oil by-product. The phytolipid composition produced comprises squalene, phytosterols, mixed tocopherols and tocotrieneols, and vegetable wax and is useful as an emollient. The phytochemical composition may be applied directly to the skin to provide emolliency. Alternatively, the phytolipid composition may be formulated in various aqueous or anhydrous cosmetic compositions such as creams, lotions, gels, ointments, lip balms, sticks, or pencils for treatment of the skin and lips. The phytolipid composition also may be incorporated into foods, beverages, and nutraceuticals to provide health benefits.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the recovery of a phytolipid composition from a vegetable oil by-product. The phytolipid composition produced comprises squalene, phytosterols, mixed tocopherols and tocotrieneols, and vegetable wax and is useful as an emollient. The phytochemical composition may be applied directly to the skin to provide emolliency. Alternatively, the phytolipid composition may be formulated in various aqueous or anhydrous cosmetic compositions such as creams, lotions, gels, ointments, lip balms, sticks, or pencils for treatment of the skin and lips. The phytolipid composition also may be incorporated into foods, beverages, and nutraceuticals to provide health benefits.

Abstract: Linked nucleosides having at least one functionalized nucleoside that bears a substituent such as a steroid molecule, a reporter molecule, a non-aromatic lipophilic molecule, a reporter enzyme, a peptide, a protein, a water soluble vitamin, a lipid soluble vitamin, an RNA cleaving complex, a metal chelator, a porphyrin, an alkylator, a pyrene, a hybrid photonuclease/intercalator, or an aryl azide photo-crosslinking agent exhibit increased cellular uptake and other properties. The substituent can be attached at the 2?-position of the functionalized nucleoside via a linking group. If at least a portion of the remaining liked nucleosides are 2?-deoxy-2?-fluoro, 2?-O-methoxy, 2?-O-ethoxy, 2?-O-propoxy, 2?-O-aminoalkoxy or 2?-O-allyloxy nucleosides, the substituent can be attached via a linking group at any of the 3? or the 5? positions of the nucleoside or on the heterocyclic base of the nucleoside or on the inter-nucleotide linkage linking the nucleoside to an adjacent nucleoside.

Abstract: A rotor (1) for use in a comminuting apparatus (100) is described and claimed. The rotor (1) includes a hub (2) rotatable about a first axis (A) and one or more disc members (4) for comminuting material. The disc members (4) are secured to the hub (2) and rotatable about a second axis (B), removed from the first axis (A). Drive means is provided to simultaneously rotate the hub (2) disc members (4) about their respective axes. Guides (11) may be provided below the disc members (4) to remove comminuted material after it has passed through a screen (10). The screen (10) may include base portion (10A) and side wall portion C (10B), the side wall portion (10B) extending up to a level approximately level with the disc members (4). The guides (11) may include arms (11A) extending up beside the side wall portion (10B). A comminuting apparatus (100) including a rotor (1) is also claimed.