Abstract: Nucleotide compositions containing aminooxy moieties are provided. In accordance with preferred embodiments, oligonucleotides and oligonucleotide analogs are provided which are specifically hybridizable with a selected sequence of RNA or DNA wherein at least one of the nucleoside moieties of the oligonucleotide is modified to include an aminooxy moiety.

Abstract: Synthetic processes are provided wherein substituted silylalkyl phosphoramidites serve as coupling reagents for preparing phosphate, phosphorothioate, and other phosphorous-containing covalent linkages. Also provided are synthetic intermediates useful in such processes.

Abstract: Novel compounds and libraries of compounds based on nitrogen atoms that are joined together with spanner groups include "letters" i.e., functional groups, that are attached to the nitrogen atoms, to the spanner groups or to both the nitrogen atoms and the spanner groups to render the compounds and libraries of such compounds with diverse properties.

Abstract: Nucleosides and linked nucleosides functionalized to include alkylthiol chemical functionality at ribofuranosyl positions, nucleosidic base positions, or on internucleoside linkages. In certain embodiments, the compounds of the invention further include steroids, reporter molecules, reporter enzymes, lipophilic molecules, peptides or proteins attached to the nucleosides through the alkylthio group.

Abstract: Nucleosides and oligonucleosides functionalized to include carbamate functionality, and derivatives thereof. In certain embodiments, the compounds of the invention further include steroids, reporter molecules, reporter enzymes, lipophilic molecules, peptides or proteins attached to the nucleosides through the carbamate group.

Abstract: Novel macrocyclic compounds are constructed to include large cyclic structures that are interrupted by at least one ring system. Each interrupting ring system includes two bridgehead atoms. Bridgehead atoms are bonded to one or more bridges that interconnect one or more ring systems thereby forming a large cyclic structure. Located in each bridge are two or more nitrogenous moieties that are derivatized with chemical functional groups. The ring systems can include further nitrogenous moieties, either as ring atoms or on pendant groups attached to the ring. These can also be derivatized with chemical functional groups. The totality of the chemical functional groups imparts certain conformational and other properties to the macrocyclic compounds. In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, libraries of such macrocyclic compounds are prepared utilizing permutations and combinations of the chemical functional groups and the nitrogenous moieties to build complexity into the library.

Abstract: Functionalized nucleomonomers and oligonucleotides are provided which have increased nuclease resistance and enhanced binding affinity to target DNA or RNA molecules. The oligonucleotides of the present invention comprise at least one 7-deaza-7-iodo-2'-substituted purine, herein referred to as a functionalized nucleomonomer. A preferred 2' substituent on the sugar moiety is a 2'-O-alkoxy alkyl group. More preferably, the 2'-substituent is 2'--O--CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --O--CH.sub.3 (or 2'-methoxyethoxy). Such oligonucleotides are useful as therapeutics for modulating protein expression in organisms and treating disease states susceptible to oligonucleotide therapeutics. Such oligonucleotides are also useful as diagnostics for the diagnosis and detection of disease states, and as research reagents.

Abstract: Oligonucleotide-mimicking macromolecules that have improved nuclease resistance are provided. Replacement of the normal phosphorodiester inter-sugar linkages found in natural oligonucleotides with four atom linking groups provide unique compounds that are useful in regulating RNA expression and in therapeutics. Methods of synthesis and use also are disclosed.

Abstract: Novel 2- and 4-substituted pyrimidine nucleosides and oligonucleosides are provided, as are methods and intermediates useful in preparing same. In preferred embodiments, one of the 2- and 4-substituents is .dbd.O, .dbd.NH, or .dbd.NH.sub.2.sup.+ and the other is Q, .dbd.C (R.sub.A)--Q, C(R.sub.A)(R.sub.B)--C(R.sub.C)(R.sub.D)--Q, C (R.sub.A).dbd.C(R.sub.C)--Q or C.tbd.C--Q, where R.sub.A, R.sub.B, R.sub.C and R.sub.D independently are H, SH, OH, NH.sub.2, or C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl, or one of (R.sub.A)(R.sub.B) or (R.sub.C)(R.sub.D) is .dbd.O, and Q is halogen, hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkylamine, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl-N-phthalimide, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkylimidazole, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkylbis-imidazole, imidazole, bis-imidazole, amine, N-phthalimide, C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 alkenyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.

Abstract: 2'-O-Modified ribosyl nucleosides and modified oligonucleotides containing such nucleotides are disclosed. Oligonucleotides are disclosed that have increased binding affinity as shown by molecular modeling experiments. The 2'-O-modified nucleosides of the invention include ring structures that position the sugar moiety of the nucleosides preferentially in 3' endo geometries.

Abstract: Methods for preparing oligonucleotide analogs which have improved nuclease resistance and improved cellular uptake are provided. In preferred embodiments, the methods involve reductive coupling of 3'- and 4'- substituted or 4'- and 3'-substituted nucleosidic synthons.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are provided for the treatment and diagnosis of diseases amenable to modulation of the production of selected proteins. In accordance with preferred embodiments, oligonucleotides and oligonucleotide analogs are provided which are specifically hybridizable with a selected sequence of RNA or DNA wherein at least one of the 2'-deoxyfuranosyl moieties of the nucleoside unit is modified. Treatment of diseases caused by various viruses and other causative agents is provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods of analyzing and evaluating phosphorus bearing monomeric units as to their suitability for use in preparing randomer oligomer libraries. The invention further provides methods for preparing such randomer oligomer libraries from the selected monomers.

Abstract: Oligonucleotide surrogates comprising a plurality of cyclobutyl moieties covalently joined by linking moieties are prepared and used as antisense diagnostics, therapeutics and research reagents. Methods of synthesis and use of both the oligonucleotide surrogates and intermediates thereof are disclosed.

Abstract: Tetrahydrofuranyl compounds are provided that are functionalized to include pendant conjugate groups, and which are useful in diagnostic assays and as research reagents. Novel intermediates for the synthesis of the compounds are also provided.

Abstract: Compositions comprising novel di-nitrogen heterocycle compounds containing N-(aminoalkyl) and/or N-(amidoalkyl) groups are prepared. The compounds of the present invention are useful as antibacterial and other pharmaceutical agents and as intermediates for preparation of other pharmaceutical agents. In addition, compounds of the present invention are useful as research reagents.

Abstract: Methods for preparing oligonucleotide analogs which have improved nuclease resistance and improved cellular uptake are provided. In preferred embodiments, the methods involve radical coupling of 3'- and 5'-substituted or 5'- and 3'-subutituted nucleosidic synthons.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are provided for the modulation of expression of the human ras gene in both the normal and activated forms. Oligonucleotides are provided that have methylene(methylimino) linkages alternating with phosphorothioate or phosphodiester linkages. Further oligonucleotides are provide that have a first region having a methylene(methylimino) linkage alternating with a phosphorothioate or phosphodiester linkage and a second region having phosphorothioate linkages. Such oligonucleotides can be used for diagnostics as well as for research purposes including methods for diagnosis, detection and treatment of conditions arising from the activation of the H-ras gene.

Abstract: Therapeutic oligonucleotide analogues which have improved nuclease resistance and improved cellular uptake are provided. Replacement of the normal phosphorodiester inter-sugar linkages found in natural oligomers with four atom linking groups forms unique di- and poly-nucleosides and nucleotides useful in regulating RNA expression and in therapeutics. Methods of synthesis and use are also disclosed.

Abstract: Oligonucleotides and other macromolecules are provided which have increased nuclease resistance, substituent groups for increasing binding affinity to complementary strand, and subsequences of 2'-deoxy-erythro-pentofuranosyl nucleotides that activate RNase H. Such oligonucleotides and macromolecules are useful for diagnostics and other research purposes, for modulating the expression of a protein in organisms, and for the diagnosis, detection and treatment of other conditions susceptible to oligonucleotide therapeutics.