Abstract: A Saccharomyces yeast cell, preferably a Saccharomyces cerevisae yeast cell, comprising one or more nucleic acid sequences encoding an enzyme having NADH-dependent nitrate reductase activity and/or one or more nucleic acid sequences encoding an enzyme having NADH-dependent nitrite reductase activity. An anaerobic fermentation process for the production of a fermentation product using such Saccharomyces yeast cell and a fermentation co-product produced.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of monitoring and optimizing the concentration of an additive composition in a fuel ethanol. The method includes adding a known amount of the additive composition to the fuel ethanol to create a treated fuel ethanol. A measured fluorescent signal provides information for determining the concentration of the additive composition in the fuel ethanol. A component in the additive composition is capable of providing the fluorescent signal or capable of being chemically derivatized to provide a fluorescent signal or a colorimetric signal. Based upon the measured fluorescent signal or colorimetric signal, the concentration of the additive composition in the fuel ethanol may be adjusted.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of monitoring and optimizing the concentration of an additive composition in a fuel ethanol. The method includes adding a known amount of the additive composition to the fuel ethanol to create a treated fuel ethanol. A measured fluorescent signal provides information for determining the concentration of the additive composition in the fuel ethanol. A component in the additive composition is capable of providing the fluorescent signal or capable of being chemically derivatized to provide a fluorescent signal or a colorimetric signal. Based upon the measured fluorescent signal or colorimetric signal, the concentration of the additive composition in the fuel ethanol may be adjusted.

Abstract: A trace amount of a tungstate added together with an ortho-phosphate and/or phosphonite is disclosed for inhibiting corrosion by a nitrogen fertilizer solution. In particular, an ammonium nitrate fertilizer solution is in contact with ferrous metal storage tanks, piping, and equipment surfaces. Tungstate added with an iron stabilizer including a dispersant polymer is also effective for inhibiting corrosion.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of monitoring and optimizing the concentration of a denaturant composition in a fuel ethanol. The method includes adding a known amount of the denaturant composition to the fuel ethanol to create a treated fuel ethanol. A measured spectroscopic absorbance or transmittance signal provides information for determining the concentration of the denaturant composition in the fuel ethanol. A component in the denaturant composition is capable of providing the spectroscopic absorbance or transmittance signal or capable of being chemically derivatized to provide a spectroscopic absorbance or transmittance signal. Based upon the measured spectroscopic absorbance or transmittance signal, the concentration of the additive composition in the fuel ethanol may be adjusted.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of monitoring and optimizing the concentration of an additive composition in a fuel ethanol. The method includes adding a known amount of the additive composition to the fuel ethanol to create a treated fuel ethanol. A measured fluorescent signal provides information for determining the concentration of the additive composition in the fuel ethanol. A component in the additive composition is capable of providing the fluorescent signal or capable of being chemically derivatized to provide a fluorescent signal or a calorimetric signal. Based upon the measured fluorescent signal or calorimetric signal, the concentration of the additive composition in the fuel ethanol may be adjusted.

Abstract: A method of using trace amounts of certain compounds to reduce or inhibit corrosion on metal surfaces exposed to corrosive materials is disclosed. The compounds include hydroxlamines, acrylate polymers or copolymers, certain organic acids, tannic acid, carbohydrazide and its derivates and salts, and combinations of these compounds. The metal surfaces may include any ferrous metal piping or equipment surfaces, such as that used during storage, transport, and other processing of such materials. A corrosion-inhibited UAN solution having about 20 to about 50 percent by weight water and from less than 10 to about 1,000 ppm of one or more of the described corrosion inhibitors, and a pH from about 7 to about 8 is also disclosed.

Abstract: A trace amount of a tungstate added together with an ortho-phosphate and/or phosphonite is disclosed for inhibiting corrosion by a nitrogen fertilizer solution. In particular, an ammonium nitrate fertilizer solution is in contact with ferrous metal storage tanks, piping, and equipment surfaces. Tungstate added with an iron stabilizer including a dispersant polymer is also effective for inhibiting corrosion.

Abstract: This invention provides a method of inhibiting corrosion on a vessel with particular relevance to storage or transport vessels holding corrosive materials. The invention also provides a method for preventing contamination and maintaining quality of materials stored or transported within a vessel. The method includes providing a new or freshly cleaned storage or transport vessel and applying a water-based corrosion inhibitor or an organic solvent-based corrosion inhibitor to the inner surface of the vessel. The vessel is optionally exposed to heat or airflow to facilitate drying of the surface.