Abstract: A reservoir for use in testing a liquid as part of a microfluidic testing system, includes a testing chamber configured to receive the liquid to be tested. A liquid inlet is fluidly coupled to the testing chamber to allow ingress of the liquid into the testing chamber. A gas outlet is fluidly coupled to the testing chamber to allow egress of gas out of the testing chamber. The gas outlet has an elevation that is higher than an elevation of the liquid inlet such that, as the testing chamber is rotated, the gas is expelled out of the testing chamber through the gas outlet, thereby reducing or preventing a presence of gas bubbles in the liquid.

Abstract: In a large scale addressable memory which is addressed with an applied block and word address, an auxiliary memory stores word addresses of defective locations within each block of the main memory. Such defective location addresses are supplied by the auxiliary memory in response to the applied block address. A set of comparators compare the applied word address and the defective location word addresses and signal any match. The auxiliary memory also provides a substitute location address for each stored defective location address. When a match is found by a comparator, the corresponding substitute location address is provided to the main memory to access a substitute memory location, which is known to be good.