Abstract: A video graphics system employs a method and apparatus for improving throughput of the system. The video graphics system includes a graphics driver, a graphics processor, and a memory. Responsive to receiving a drawing command from an application, the graphics driver determines whether the graphics processor can begin executing the drawing command within a desired period of time. When the graphics processor is heavily loaded and cannot begin executing the command within the desired period of time, the graphics driver partially processes stored vertex information associated with the drawing command, and preferably stores the pre-processed vertex information in the memory. The graphics driver then preferably issues a new drawing command relating to the stored pre-processed information and instructing the graphics processor not to perform any of the processing already performed by the graphics driver. The graphics driver is preferably implemented in software and stored on a computer-readable storage medium.

Abstract: A collimating magnifier lens which may be used in a head-up display has a focal length of F. The lens has a front part comprising at least one positive element with a focal length between +1 F and +3 F and a negative element with a focal length between -1.2 F and infinity, the focal length of the front part as a whole being between +1 F and +6 F and the negative element of the front part not being cemented to any other element, a rear part comprising a single positive element with a focal length between +0.4 F and +1.2 F, and a field flattener behind the rear part and comprising a single negative element with a focal length between -0.4 F and -1.1 F.The negative element of the front part may have a refractive index less than or equal to 0.13 greater than that of any positive element of the front part and may be meniscus in shape having a focal length of at least 2.8 times that of the positive component and which produces overcorrect spherical aberration.