Abstract: Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide an ice management system, including: a plurality of pulsejets located within an interior volume of an aircraft and configured to heat an aircraft surface, wherein each pulsejet of the plurality of pulsejets comprises: an inlet; a combustor; a fuel source; and an exhaust nozzle; and a plurality of intake apertures in the aircraft, wherein each intake aperture of the plurality of intake apertures corresponds to an inlet of one pulsejet of the plurality of pulsejets.

Abstract: A sports board apparatus, for use with a sports surface and boards, includes posts, a web, and an upper support, each constructed from a roll-formed metal material. Each post has lower and upper ends, and includes two post channels securely nested with one another. Each channel has back and side walls defining a C-shaped channel profile. The web securely engages two posts, and has back and side walls defining a C-shaped web profile. The upper support securely engages two posts adjacent to the upper ends thereof. The upper support, the web, and the posts are secured relative to the boards. The posts are secured relative to the sports surface, with the lower ends adjacent thereto. A method of forming the sports board apparatus includes a post channel roll-forming step, a web roll-forming step, and an upper support roll-forming step.