Abstract: Fuel delivery system for an internal combustion engine comprising a method and apparatus for generating and delivering a homogeneous charge with a variable fuel/air ratio which relies on transpirating fuel membranes in a primary mixing region to which a portion of thermally-regulated air from an air dividing region has come. A single moving control element is used to control the quantity of in-rushing air in the primary mixing region, and therefore the amount of fuel rich air produced in this primary mixing region, and at the same time this single moving control element modulates both the quantity of fuel rich air and the quantity of regular fuel-free combustion air which are brought together in a secondary mixing region where they combine in the desired ratio to form a homogeneous charge with a variable fuel/air ratio. The use of a single moving control element allows extremely economical construction.

Abstract: Gases in the atmosphere are detected remotely using a Raman-shifted excimer/dye laser beam formed by passing an excimer/dye laser beam through a circulating-medium Raman-shifting cell which significantly increases the measurement repetition rate and allows for the production of an infinite number of different wavelengths for measurement. The Raman-active medium is continuously circulated so that the inputted laser beam passes through the Raman-active medium when the molecules of the medium in the optical path are at their ground energy level state. The Raman cell is then tuned to provide a first wavelength, preselected for nonabsorption by the gases to be detected, which is transmitted through the gases to be detected toward an object capable of reflecting the beam back. The Raman cell is also tuned to provide a second wavelength, preselected for being highly absorbed by the gases to be detected, which is then transmitted and similarly reflected.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for airborne prospecting for base and precious metal deposits, petroleum and natural gas deposits, geothermal steam deposits, and leaks in natural gas pipelines. A trace gas associated with the deposits in the near-surface atmosphere is detected with a differential absorption optical technique utilizing only a single laser beam to perform remote differential optical measurement. Anomalies in the tracer gas, which are indicative of underground deposits, are detected by transmiting a laser beam having narrow linewidth laser pulses at a high repetition rate with a center wavelength approximately equal to the atomic absorption line of the tracer gas to the area under investigation. The pulses are directed toward the investigated area from an airborne platform, reflected off the ground, and are collected by a detector on the airborne platform.