Abstract: A liquid container arrangement for controlling the level of liquid in a container is disclosed. The liquid container arrangement includes a first compartment open to atmosphere and to which evaporative loss of liquid occurs and a second compartment that is closed to atmosphere and in liquid communication with the first compartment. The liquid container arrangement also includes adjustment means for adjusting the level of the liquid in the second compartment to vary the level of the liquid in the first compartment.

Abstract: The process for electroplating a metal layer to the surface of a nonconductive material which comprised the steps:(a) contacting said substrate surface with an alkaline permanganate solution for an effective time and at an effective concentration and at an elevated temperature to prepare said substrate surface for a metal layer to be electroplated thereto;(b) then contacting said substrate surface with an aqueous neutralizer/conditioner solution, said solution comprising water, at least one nuetral or acidic reducing agent, and at least one polyelectrolyte polymer conditioner;(c) then contacting said substrate surface with a liquid dispersion of carbon black comprised of:(1) carbon black particles having an average particle size of less than about 3 microns in said dispersion;(2) an effective dispersing amount of a surfactant which is compatible with said carbon black; and(3) a liquid dispersing medium, wherein the amount of carbon black is sufficient to coat substantially all of the nonconducting substrate s

Abstract: The process of electroplating a metal layer to the surface of a nonconductive material which comprised the steps:(a) contacting said substrate surface with an alkaline permanganate solution for an effective time and at an effective concentration and at an elevated temperature to prepare said substrate surface for a metal layer to be electroplated thereto;(b) then contacting said substrate surface with an aqueous neutralizer/conditioner solution, said solution comprising water, at least one neutral or acidic reducing agent, and at least one polyelectrolyte polymer conditioner;(c) then contacting said substrate with a liquid dispersion of carbon black comprised of:(1) carbon black particles having an average particle size of less than about 3 microns in said dispersion;(2) an effective dispersing amount of a surfactant which is compatible with said carbon black; and(3) a liquid dispersing medium, wherein the amount of carbon black is sufficient to coat substantially all of the nonconducting substrate surface an

Abstract: An improvement to the process for electroplating a conductive metal layer to the surface of a non-conductive material which comprises:(a) contacting said printed wiring board with an aqueous polyelectrolyte homopolymer conditioner solution having a charge density from about 0.2 to about 2.5 milliequivalents (positive charge) per gram of dissolved polymer and having a pH in range from about 3 to about 5, followed by;(b) contacting said printed wiring board with a dispersion of carbon black comprising:(1) carbon black particles having an average particle diameter of less than about 3.