Abstract: A neuromodulation therapy is delivered via at least one electrode implanted subcutaneously and superficially to a fascia layer superficial to a nerve of a patient. In one example, an implantable medical device is deployed along a superficial surface of a deep fascia tissue layer superficial to a nerve of a patient. Electrical stimulation energy is delivered to the nerve through the deep fascia tissue layer via implantable medical device electrodes.

Abstract: A neuromodulation therapy is delivered via at least one electrode implanted subcutaneously and superficially to a fascia layer superficial to a nerve of a patient. In one example, an implantable medical device is deployed along a superficial surface of a deep fascia tissue layer superficial to a nerve of a patient. Electrical stimulation energy is delivered to the nerve through the deep fascia tissue layer via implantable medical device electrodes.

Abstract: A heater system is provided. The system includes a resistive element with a temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) of at least about 1,000 ppm such that the resistive element functions as a heater and as a temperature sensor and the resistive element is a material having greater than about 95% nickel. The system also includes a heater control module including a two-wire controller with a power control module that is configured to periodically compare a measured resistance value of the resistive element against a reference temperature to adjust for resistance drift over time during operation such that a temperature drift of the resistive element is less than about 1% over a temperature range of about 500° C.-1,000° C.

Abstract: A heater includes at least one resistive element. The at least one resistive element includes a material having a high temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) such that the resistive element functions as a heater and as a temperature sensor, the resistive element being a material selected from the group consisting of greater than about 95% nickel, a nickel copper alloy, stainless steel, a molybdenum-nickel alloy, niobium, a nickel-iron alloy, tantalum, zirconium, tungsten, molybdenum, Nisil, and titanium. In one form, the heater is a tubular heater with compacted MgO insulation and a metal sheath.

Abstract: A thermal array system is provided. The system includes a first thermal element and a second thermal element connected between a first node and a second node. The first thermal element being activated and the second thermal element being deactivated by a first polarity of the first node relative to the second node. Further, the first thermal element being deactivated and the second thermal element being activated by a second polarity of the first node relative to the second node.

Abstract: A heater includes at least one resistive element. The at least one resistive element includes a material having a high temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) such that the resistive element functions as a heater and as a temperature sensor, the resistive element being a material selected from the group consisting of greater than about 95% nickel, a nickel copper alloy, stainless steel, a molybdenum-nickel alloy, niobium, a nickel-iron alloy, tantalum, zirconium, tungsten, molybdenum, Nisil, and titanium. In one form, the heater is a tubular heater with compacted MgO insulation and a metal sheath.

Abstract: A system and method is provided. The system and method calculate target setpoints for each thermal element and index through each thermal element to provide power to the thermal element, sense an electrical characteristic of the thermal element, and determine if the thermal element exceeds a target setpoint for the thermal element based on the sensed electrical characteristic.

Abstract: A system and method is provided. The system and method having at least three power nodes, wherein a thermal element is connected between each pair of power nodes.

Abstract: A system and method is provided. In one aspect, the system and method may calculate a time period for each mode of a plurality of modes. The system and method may index through each mode for the corresponding time period to provide power to the plurality of thermal elements according to the mode. In another aspect the system and method may index sequentially through each mode of a plurality of modes and apply power to an indexed mode while measuring an electrical characteristic of the thermal elements for the indexed mode.

Abstract: A thermal array system is provided. The system includes a first thermal element and a second thermal element connected between a first node and a second node. The first thermal element being activated and the second thermal element being deactivated by a first polarity of the first node relative to the second node. Further, the first thermal element being deactivated and the second thermal element being activated by a second polarity of the first node relative to the second node.

Abstract: A thermal array system is provided. The thermal array system having each thermal element connected between a first power node and a second power node of the plurality of power nodes and each thermal element being connected in electrical series with an addressable switch configured to activate and deactivate the thermal element.