Abstract: A grounding arrangement for a Voltage Source Converter (VSC) in a power transmission system is provided. The VSC comprises at least one converter branch (20) comprising at least one module (221-22N), each module comprising a plurality of serially connected sub-modules (241-248) that can be controllably switched to generate a controlled voltage across the module (221-22N) and each module including a first sub-module (241) at one end thereof and a last sub-module (248) at an opposite end thereof. Each sub-module (241-248) includes a first terminal (381), a second terminal (382), an energy storage element (30) and a switching arrangement (32, 34), wherein at least one of the first (381) or second terminals (382) is coupled to a terminal of the energy storage unit (30).

Abstract: A grounding arrangement for a Voltage Source Converter (VSC) in a power transmission system is provided. The VSC comprises at least one converter branch (20) comprising at least one module (221-22N), each module comprising a plurality of serially connected sub-modules (241-248) that can be controllably switched to generate a controlled voltage across the module (221-22N) and each module including a first sub- module (241) at one end thereof and a last sub-module (248) at an opposite end thereof. Each sub-module (241-248) includes a first terminal (381), a second terminal (382), an energy storage element (30) and a switching arrangement (32, 34), wherein at least one of the first (381) or second terminals (382) is coupled to a terminal of the energy storage unit (30).

Abstract: A method, apparatus and system for transforming genomic data into a computer database environment comprising a forward lookup table and a plurality of reverse lookup tables which relate consecutive overlapping reference sequence segments to reference sequences stored in the forward lookup table enables rapid and precise matching of undefined biological sequences with reference sequences.

Abstract: Aspects described herein generally relate to methods of making a phosphono paraffin comprising forming a reaction mixture by mixing a haloparaffin, a phosphite, and sodium iodide. Methods comprise heating the reaction mixture to form the phosphono paraffin. Aspects described herein further relate to a phosphono paraffin represented by formula (I): wherein each instance of R1 is independently —H or wherein each instance of R2 and R3 is independently linear or branched C1-20 alkyl, C1-20 cycloalkyl, or aryl; the number of instances where R1 is of formula (I) is between about 2 and about 8; and n is an integer between 4 and 22.

Abstract: The invention generally relates to a heat exchanger. More particularly, the present invention relates to a heat exchanger configured for optimizing a percentage of heat exchange surface within an identified range of heat flux, or rate of heat energy transfer through a given surface, on a boiling curve.

Abstract: Minimally invasive systems and methods are described for measuring pulmonary circulation information from the pulmonary arteries. A transbronchial Doppler ultrasound catheter is advanced through the airways and in the vicinity of the pulmonary artery. Doppler ultrasound energy is sent through the airway wall and across the pulmonary artery to obtain velocity information of blood flowing through the artery. The velocity information is used to compute pulmonary circulation information including but not limited to flowrate.

Abstract: Various uses of visible light interference patterns are provided. Suitable interference patterns are those formed by diffraction from patterns of apertures. Typical uses disclosed herein relate to spatial metrology, such as a translational and/or angular position determination system. Further uses include the analysis of properties of the light itself (such as the determination of the wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation). Still further uses include the analysis of one or more properties (e.g. refractive index) of the matter through which the light passes. Part of the interference pattern is captured at a pixellated detector, such as a CCD chip, and the captured pattern compared with a calculated pattern. Very precise measurements of the spacing between maxima is possible, thus allowing very precise measurements of position of the detector in the interference pattern.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and system for transforming genomic data into a computer database environment comprising a forward lookup table and a plurality of reverse lookup tables which relate consecutive overlapping reference sequence segments to reference sequences stored in the forward lookup table enables rapid and precise matching of undefined biological sequences with reference sequences.

Abstract: A busbar assembly is disclosed. The busbar assembly includes a conducting bar. The conducting bar includes a port adapted to retain and conduct electricity to a cable. The busbar assembly additionally includes a cover adapted to allow the cable to be inserted and removed from the port in a first position and to retain the cable in the port in a second position.

Abstract: Optical measurement system and method for determining a wear level of printer components such as fuser rolls. Papers can be treated with optical brighteners, which act as distinct tag/trace molecules with fluorescent properties. A fluorescence pattern on the fuser roll can be changed in accordance with the edge density distribution in the print engine, when paper edges are accumulated on the fuser roll surface. A photo detector can capture a two-dimensional, digital image of the fluorescence pattern on the fuser roll surface to be measured, after illuminating the fuser roll, with intensity near ultraviolet range, by a light source. An image processor with a parameterized model can measure changes in the fluorescence pattern by analyzing the digital image of the fuser roll surface in order to determine the level of edge wear on the fuser rolls.

Abstract: Various uses of visible light interference patterns are provided. Suitable interference patterns are those formed by diffraction from patterns of apertures. Typical uses disclosed herein relate to spatial metrology, such as a translational and/or angular position determination system. Further uses include the analysis of properties of the light itself (such as the determination of the wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation). Still further uses include the analysis of one or more properties (e.g. refractive index) of the matter through which the light passes. Part of the interference pattern is captured at a pixellated detector, such as a CCD chip, and the captured pattern compared with a calculated pattern. Very precise measurements of the spacing between maxima is possible, thus allowing very precise measurements of position of the detector in the interference pattern.

Abstract: A busbar assembly is disclosed. The busbar assembly includes a conducting bar. The conducting bar includes a port adapted to retain and conduct electricity to a cable. The busbar assembly additionally includes a cover adapted to allow the cable to be inserted and removed from the port in a first position and to retain the cable in the port in a second position.

Abstract: A system and method for optically monitoring contamination of machinery includes an optical illumination source, a photodetector and an analysis module. The system and method can monitor a fuser roll, a fuser belt, or other printer module component. The optical illumination source can emit at least one illuminating frequency. The at least one illuminating frequency is configured to cause a contaminant marker to fluoresce at least one fluorescing frequency and is also configured to at least partially illuminate the machine component. The machine component contains the contaminant marker when at least partially contaminated. The photodetector is responsive to the at least one fluorescing frequency and detects the at least one fluorescing frequency emitted from the contaminated machine component. The analysis module is in operative communication with the photodetector and is figured to receive a signal therefrom.

Abstract: Optical measurement system and method for determining a wear level of printer components such as fuser rolls. Papers can be treated with optical brighteners, which act as distinct tag/trace molecules with fluorescent properties. A fluorescence pattern on the fuser roll can be changed in accordance with the edge density distribution in the print engine, when paper edges are accumulated on the fuser roll surface. A photo detector can capture a two-dimensional, digital image of the fluorescence pattern on the fuser roll surface to be measured, after illuminating the fuser roll, with intensity near ultraviolet range, by a light source. An image processor with a parameterized model can measure changes in the fluorescence pattern by analyzing the digital image of the fuser roll surface in order to determine the level of edge wear on the fuser rolls.

Abstract: A system and method for optically monitoring contamination of machinery includes an optical illumination source, a photodetector and an analysis module. The system and method can monitor a fuser roll, a fuser belt, or other printer module component. The optical illumination source can emit at least one illuminating frequency. The at least one illuminating frequency is configured to cause a contaminant marker to fluoresce at least one fluorescing frequency and is also configured to at least partially illuminate the machine component. The machine component contains the contaminant marker when at least partially contaminated. The photodetector is responsive to the at least one fluorescing frequency and detects the at least one fluorescing frequency emitted from the contaminated machine component. The analysis module is in operative communication with the photodetector and is figured to receive a signal therefrom.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for the determination of the phase change characteristics of a hazardous material, the method comprising optically recording images of a sample of the material and objectively evaluating the images. The phase change characteristics generally relate to a solid/liquid or liquid/solid phase change, and the method finds particular application in the determination of the crystallisation points of hazardous materials, most particularly radioactive materials. The images are typically recorded by means of a camera, and evaluated using a computer, which is able to objectively determine the point at which a phase change is first seen to occur, and thereby provide accurate, reliable and objective data.

Abstract: A fuel-fired commercial water heater has upper and lower communicated tank portions which are separated by a plenum forming a vertically intermediate portion of a dual pass condensing type heat exchanger. A lower portion of the heat exchanger is defined by a series of vertical flue tubes extending through the lower tank and intercommunicating the plenum with a combustion chamber disposed beneath the lower tank and having a fuel burner with a discharge portion communicated therewith. An upper portion of the heat exchanger is defined by a vertical flue pipe, disposed in the upper tank, that extends upwardly from the plenum and then coils downwardly around itself and horizontally exits the upper tank. During firing of water heater the burner flows flue gases sequentially through the lower tank flue tubes, the plenum, and the upper tank coiled flue pipe structure.

Abstract: A fuel-fired water heater has a single pass condensing-type heat exchanger disposed within its water storage tank portion. The heat exchanger includes a primary non-condensing portion defined by a combustion chamber positioned in an upper interior portion of the tank and having a spaced series of vertical tubes depending therefrom. A secondary condensing portion of the heat exchanger is defined by a plenum having a top side connected to the bottom ends of the vertical tubes, and a bottom side from which a downwardly coiled flue tube depends. A fuel burner generates hot combustion gases that are sequentially flowed into the combustion chamber and then downwardly through the balance of the heat exchanger in a single pass.