Abstract: A method of detecting urea-derived deposits in the exhaust line of an internal combustion engine having an SCR (selective catalyst reduction) aftertreatment system. A radio frequency (RF) transmitter is placed upstream of the SCR system's urea injector, and an RF receiver is placed downstream of the mixer. The transmitter and receiver are used to acquire baseline RF data representing a clean condition exhaust line without deposits. During subsequent operation of the engine, the transmitter and receiver are used to acquire subsequent RF data, which is compared to the baseline data after being corrected for temperature differences. If the comparison indicates the presence of one or more deposits, an alert signal is generated.

Abstract: A method of detecting urea-derived deposits in the exhaust line of an internal combustion engine having an SCR (selective catalyst reduction) aftertreatment system. A radio frequency (RF) transmitter is placed upstream of the SCR system's urea injector, and an RF receiver is placed downstream of the mixer. The transmitter and receiver are used to acquire baseline RF data representing a clean condition exhaust line without deposits. During subsequent operation of the engine, the transmitter and receiver are used to acquire subsequent RF data, which is compared to the baseline data after being corrected for temperature differences. If the comparison indicates the presence of one or more deposits, an alert signal is generated.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system for controlling semiconductor packaging particulate contamination. According to the present invention, a semiconductor packaging component (102) is provided, having a first surface (104) along which a plurality of connection features (110, 112) are disposed or located, and an area (202) to which a semiconductor die is to be connected. One or more areas along the first surface are covered with an encapsulant (200) to isolate the area(s) from deleterious stresses and to impede the egress of any particulate matter therefrom.