Abstract: A solar water heating system can be implemented utilizing an innovative flat-shaped heat pipe as a primary heat transfer device. The system can include two small insulated rectangular ducts at the top and a large insulated rectangular duct at the bottom of the flat-shaped heat pipe. An absorber, positioned to receive, collect, and transfer solar heat, can be integrated into the system, complemented by a glass cover to minimize heat loss. The flat-shaped heat pipe, which can be constructed from a copper plate with porous wicks on its inner surfaces, can be filled with a working fluid. Solar irradiation incident through the glass cover on the absorber triggers the evaporation of the working fluid, absorbing latent heat. Subsequently, the vapor moves and transfers evenly to both sides of the flat-shaped heat pipe, facilitating the transfer of heat to water flowing through the rectangular ducts situated outside the flat-shaped heat pipe.

Abstract: A three-dimensional multilayer model of mechanical response for analyzing the effect of pressure on arterial failure. The three-dimensional effects are incorporated within five-concentric axisymmetric layers while incorporating the nonlinear elastic characteristics under combined extension and inflation. Constitutive equations for fiber-reinforced material are employed for layers such as intima, media, and adventitia, and an isotropic material model is employed for layers such as endothelium and internal elastic lamina. The three-dimensional five-layer model can be utilized to model propagated rupture area of the arterial wall. Required parameters for each layer are obtained by using nonlinear least square method fitted to in vivo non-invasive experimental data of human artery and the effects of pressure on arterial failure are examined.