Abstract: The invention relates to functional nucleic acid molecules comprising a target determinant sequence and a regulatory sequence wherein the functional nucleic acid molecule comprises one or more chemical modifications, particularly for use in methods of increasing target protein synthesis efficiency.

Abstract: There are disclosed functional nucleic acid molecules comprising a target binding sequence comprising a sequence reverse complementary to a target mRNA sequence for which protein translation is to be enhanced; and a regulatory sequence having two-dimensional structures comprising specific stem-loop and internal loop domains and displaying translation enhancing efficiency.

Abstract: The present invention provides (a) a functional nucleic acid molecule comprises: a target determinant sequence comprising antisense sequence to a target sequence in the protein-encoding RNA for which protein synthesis efficiency is to be increased and a regulatory sequence having an activity of increasing of the protein synthesis efficiency, and (b) a use of the functional nucleic acid molecule.

Abstract: The purpose of the subject invention is to provide a method of manufacturing a mixture of amplified double-stranded nucleic acids comprising unknown sequence including the complete 5? end sequence. A method of manufacturing a mixture of amplified double-stranded nucleic acids comprising: (a) preparing a single-stranded nucleic acid comprising a single-stranded adapter 1, a single-stranded nucleic acid fragment and a single-stranded adapter 2, and (b) conducting PCR with said single-stranded nucleic acid prepared in step (a), a primer 1, and a primer 2 to amplify double-stranded nucleic acids.

Abstract: The present invention provides (a) a functional nucleic acid molecule comprises: a target determinant sequence comprising antisense sequence to a target sequence in the protein-encoding RNA for which protein synthesis efficiency is to be increased and a regulatory sequence having an activity of increasing of the protein synthesis efficiency, and (b) a use of the functional nucleic acid molecule.

Abstract: The present invention relates to substantially single-stranded isolated RNA molecules comprising 18 to 19 contiguous nucleotides that corresponds to a non-protein-coding genomic DNA sequence located between ?60 and +120 nucleotides from a transcription start site in a mammalian genome. Specifically, the isolated RNA molecules have a high GC content (>60%), are nuclear specific, and may be associated with aberrant gene regulation and/or transcription in various mammalian diseases and conditions. The isolated RNA molecules, modified RNA molecules and fragments thereof may be particularly useful for the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of diseases such as Crohn's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, myocardial infarction, diabetes, congenital developmental disorders, coronary heart disease and cancer such as breast cancer, lymphoma, leukemia, aggressive metastatic brain cancers, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, ovarian cancer and pituitary tumors.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide a method for increasing enzymatic reactivity to a target substance immobilized on a support; and a method for reducing or suppressing an inhibitory effect of a support on enzymatic reaction. The above object is achieved by a method for increasing enzymatic reactivity to a target substance immobilized on a support by allowing at least one substance selected from the group consisting of saccharides, amino acids, polyhydric alcohols and derivatives thereof to exist; and a method for reducing or suppressing an inhibitory effect of a support immobilized with a target substance on enzymatic reactivity to the target substance by allowing at least one substance selected from the group consisting of saccharides, amino acids, polyhydric alcohols and derivatives thereof to exist.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for the sequencing of all RNA species within an RNA sample, such as the RNA content obtained from a cell, a tissue, a living organism, or from an artificial source. RNA molecules within the samples are labeled in a RNA-specific manner prior to immobilization on a solid support. One label is used to mark the location of the RNA molecule on the solid support, whereas the second label is used to mark selectively the S? end of full-length mRNA molecules. RNA molecules are sequenced while being bound to the solid support in one or more sequencing reactions, and sequences of individual RNA molecules can be forwarded to computational analysis for assembling sequence information from individual sequencing reads obtained from the same location on the solid support.

Abstract: The invention provides means and methods for determining whether a sample is derived from an individual suffering from inflammatory arthritis or from an individual at risk of suffering there from, said method comprising measuring in said sample the level of expression of at least one gene product of a gene of table A, table B or and comparing said expression level with a reference value. Further provided is a non-human animal model comprising an altered expression of a gene of table A, table B or when compared to a reference non-human animal, and use of this model as or in an arthritis model. Further provided is an in vitro assay for screening compounds for effect on a phenotype of synovial fibroblasts. The synovial fibroblast are preferably derived from a human or non-human animal suffering from inflammatory arthritis.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for the modification of an end of RNA molecules and the use of such modified RNA molecules in cDNA synthesis for the purpose of cloning, detection, sequencing, and amplification of parts of the RNAs, the entire RNAs, or any cDNAs derived from such modified RNAs. The invention relates further to the amplification and the identification of nucleic acid molecules for the purpose of single molecule detection and/or high-throughput sequencing. In addition, a method is provided for the preparation of pooled samples that contains molecules each of which is marked by an “Identifier Sequence” for its origin. The invention facilitates studies on biological systems and analysis of genes expressed therein.

Abstract: The invention is a method and a kit for preparing single-stranded DNA from double-stranded DNA and the purification of single-stranded DNA derived from double-stranded DNA. A single-stranded-DNA binding substance is used in combination with a double-strand-specific endonuclease for the removal of undesired double-stranded DNA from a single-stranded DNA preparation and for other related purposes.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for identifying, analyzing and/or cloning nucleic acid isoforms comprising the steps of: preparing at least two nucleic acid isoforms, complementary to each other, hybridizing the at least two complementary nucleic acid isoforms and forming double strand RNA/RNA or DNA/DNA hybrids comprising unpaired regions; recovering the RNA/RNA or DNA/DNA hybrids comprising unpaired regions from not hybridized nucleic acids and from nucleic acids not comprising unpaired regions; and identifying, analyzing and/or cloning the recovered nucleic acid fragment comprising unpaired regions.

Abstract: Method for isolating DNA contained in a biological sample. The method includes combining in a solution a DNA-containing biological sample, a salt, a cationic surfactant, and a DNA-binding carrier, the solution having a salt concentration higher than the DNA precipitation inhibition-initiating concentration, to lyse the DNA-containing biological sample and to bind DNA to the DNA-binding carrier while in the solution to form a bound DNA-carrier. The method also includes separating the DNA-bound carrier from other components. The method further includes dissociating the bound DNA from the DNA-binding carrier. The method still further includes recovering dissociated DNA.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for obtaining the 5?ends of transcribed regions from a plurality of nucleic acid fragments obtained from biological materials or synthetic pools. DNA fragments encoding the 5?ends are enriched for their individual analysis or for the analysis of concatemers thereof. The sequence information derived from 5? ends can be used for characterization and cloning of the transcriptome.

Abstract: The invention discloses a family of cloning vectors capable of cloning nucleic acid inserts of interest of long sizes, with low or reduced background and high efficiency of excision and method for preparing these vectors and library thereof. As example, it is disclosed a cloning vector comprising a construction vector segment (CS) and a replaceable segment (RS), wherein the size of CS is: 36.5 kb?CS<38 kb, preferably CS is 37.5 kb, comprising lox recombination sites for Cre-recombination and/or att recombination sites for Gateway-like recombination, preferably also a background-reducing system selected from the group of: the ccdB gene, a lox sequence, the lacZ gene, and asymmetric site sequences recognized by restriction endonucleases.

Abstract: Method for isolating DNA contained in a biological sample. The method includes combining in a solution a DNA-containing biological sample, a salt, a cationic surfactant, and a DNA-binding carrier, the solution having a salt concentration higher than the DNA precipitation inhibition-initiating concentration, to lyse the DNA-containing biological sample and to bind DNA to the DNA-binding carrier while in the solution to form a bound DNA-carrier. The method also includes separating the DNA-bound carrier from other components. The method further includes dissociating the bound DNA from the DNA-binding carrier. The method still further includes recovering dissociated DNA.

Abstract: A method for isolating DNA contained in a biological sample, including: lysing a DNA-containing biological sample and forming a DNA-bound carrier by placing a lysing solution, including the DNA-containing biological sample, a salt, and a cationic surfactant, and having a salt concentration higher than the DNA precipitation inhibition-initiating concentration, into contact with a DNA-binding carrier to bind DNA to the DNA-binding carrier to form the DNA-bound carrier; separating the DNA-bound carrier from other components; dissociating the bound DNA from the DNA-binding carrier; and recovering dissociated DNA. By the method, DNA purified with no preliminary treatment of a biological sample can be recovered at a high yield.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for making full-length CDNA libraries, which is for making libraries of cDNAs having a length corresponding to a full-length of mRNAs and comprises the following steps of; binding a tag molecule to a diol structure present in 5′ Cap (7MeGpppN) sites of mRNAs, forming RNA-DNA hybrids by reverse transcription using primers such as oligo dT and the mRNAs connected with the tag molecule as templates, and separating RNA-DNA hybrids carrying a DNA corresponding to a full-length of mRNAs from the RNA-DNA hybrids formed above by using function of the tag molecule. To obtain mRNA connected with a tag molecule, the diol structure present in 5′ Cap site of mRNA is subjected to a ring-open reaction by oxidation with sodium periodate to form a dialdehyde and the dialdehyde is reacted with a tag molecule having a hydrazine terminus.