Abstract: A scanning confocal photon-reassignment microscope is configured to operate in a coherent (reflectance or transmission) imaging mode and having a confocal pinhole the diameter of which is between 2 and 4 Airy units. The microscope can be used to observe viral particles in suspension.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for in vitro characterization of a eukaryote biological microtissue by imaging by means of a phase measurement technique without a reference beam, and the use of this method in vitro characterization in particular for: monitoring the quality of a microtissue, measuring the increase of the biomass of a microtissue during its growth and/or its amplification following the differentiation and/or the organization of a microtissue during its maturation, determining the phenotype of cells of the microtissue, and/or confirming the absence of non-differentiated cells in the microtissue.

Abstract: According to one aspect, the invention relates to a device (100, 200, 300, 400, 500) for measuring the distance, with respect to a reference plane (PREF), from a point of light (Pi) of an object (O). The device comprises a two-dimensional detector (30) comprising a detection plane (PDET) and an imaging system (10) adapted to form an image of a light spot (Pi) situated on an object of interest plane (11) in an image plane (11?) arranged in the vicinity of the detection plane (PDET) or a conjugate plane (P?DET) of the detection plane.

Abstract: According to one aspect, the invention relates to a device (100, 200, 300, 400, 500) for measuring the distance, with respect to a reference plane (PREF), from a point of light (Pi) of an object (O). The device comprises a two-dimensional detector (30) comprising a detection plane (PDET) and an imaging system (10) adapted to form an image of a light spot (Pi) situated on an object of interest plane (11) in an image plane (11?) arranged in the vicinity of the detection plane (PDET) or a conjugate plane (P?DET) of the detection plane.

Abstract: This preheating connector for electrically connecting an anode stern to an anode frame of an electrolytic cell during the warm-up phase of the electrolytic cell, includes means of fixing to the anode frame, and bearing means designed to exert pressure on the anode stem in order to keep it pressed up against the anode frame, the fixing means and bearing means being configured and arranged so as to add on the preheating connector onto a so-called permanent connector for electrical and mechanical connection of the anode stem to the anode frame during the continuous operating mode of the cell.

Abstract: A system for structural analysis of an object, including a device for generating an input light beam arranged so as to cause the input beam generated to interact with at least one portion of the object, and a device for receiving the output light beam resulting from the interaction between the input beam and the object. In this system, the receiving device include a wavefront analyzer arranged so as to measure the electromagnetic field of the wave of the output beam received, and the generating device has a spatial coherence adapted to that of the receiving device. A structural analysis method implementing such a system is presented.