Abstract: The tire chain is adapted for snugly wrapping around an appropriately dimensioned tire and rotating therewith during use. The tire chain has a chain mesh having a plurality of links, and a plurality of wear inserts interspaced on the mesh and mounted to corresponding selected ones of the links. Each one of the wear inserts has a radially-inner component removably secured to a radially-outer component, independently from the integrity of the mesh, with a spacing therebetween within which the corresponding selected link is received and trapped. The radially-outer components having corresponding outward-facing wear portions submitted to wear during use. The wear inserts can be removed and replaced once worn by separating the radially-inner component from the radially-outer component.

Abstract: The video memory of a CRT display system is split into an application video memory and a CRT memory. The two memories are interconnected by logic means for manipulating primary and secondary texts whose characters proceed in directions which are different from each other. The character codes are applied to the application video memory. The logic manipulates the code in accordance with the rules of the primary and secondary languages and provides data to the CRT video memory for driving a CRT controller.