Abstract: Measuring device (1) intended to be disposed against a medium, the device extending between a contact face (10) intended to be applied facing the medium and a distal end (4), the device including a lateral wall (5) extending between the contact face and the distal end, the device including: at the level of the contact face (10), at least one admission opening (12) configured to collect a transcutaneous gas of interest emitted through the medium, the admission opening being through the contact face; a measuring chamber (20) including a gas sensor (23), the gas sensor being configured to measure a concentration of the gas of interest flowing through the measuring chamber; a collecting chamber (30) connected to the measuring chamber and delimited by an opening on the lateral wall, the collecting chamber including at least one lateral opening (34) through the lateral face or on the top wall of the collecting chamber so as to admit a vector gas into the collecting chamber; the device being characterized in tha

Abstract: A measuring device, intended to be placed on the skin of a human-being or animal user, the device extending between a contact face and a far end, the device including a side wall that extends between the contact face and the far end, on the contact face, at least one aperture to collect a gas of interest emitted through the skin, the aperture being produced through the contact face; a collecting chamber that extends between the contact face and a measuring chamber; a gas sensor, placed in the measuring chamber, to measure a concentration of gas of interest flowing through the measuring chamber; a processing unit, to estimate a gas-of-interest content in the body of the user based on the measurement taken by the gas sensor; a heat source to bring the contact face to a temperature above 37° C.; and an air intake produced through the side wall to admit ambient air into the duct.

Abstract: The invention is a method for estimating a retention time of a particle in a chromatography column, and more particularly in a chromatography column one parameter of which, such as temperature, is modulated. The retention time is estimated on a probabilistic basis by sequentially modelling the transit of the particle in the column. When this stochastic approach is adopted for a set of particles of a given type, it allows a statistical distribution of the retention time in the column to be determined.

Abstract: The invention is a method for estimating a quantity or a concentration of particles using a detector disposed at the exit of a chromatography column. The estimation is carried out on the basis of a selection of a plurality of retention times within the histogram, each retention time being associated with an individual particle. The method aims to classify each retention time into one or more classes, each class being representative of a species of particles. The method can include an estimation of the number of classes.

Abstract: The invention is a method for estimating a retention time of a particle in a chromatography column, and more particularly in a chromatography column one parameter of which, such as temperature, is modulated. The retention time is estimated on a probabilistic basis by sequentially modelling the transit of the particle in the column. When this stochastic approach is adopted for a set of particles of a given type, it allows a statistical distribution of the retention time in the column to be determined.

Abstract: The method for detecting defective electrodes in an electrode matrix comprises measurement of an electrochemical impedance spectrum for each of the electrodes. Modeling of the spectrum impedance relative to each electrode by means of an implicit non-integral frequency model is performed in the form of a parameter matrix. Principal components analysis of the matrix is performed to transform said parameter matrix into a final matrix containing decorrelated variables representing the parameter matrix in a new space. The distance between each electrode and a reference point is calculated. These calculated distances are compared with a preset threshold distance and the electrodes having a distance greater than the threshold distance are classified as being defective.

Abstract: A method for determining a composition of a gas sample comprising the following steps: running the sample through a processing chain comprising a gas chromatography column and a gas detector arranged at the outlet of the gas chromatography column; obtaining, at the output of the detector, a representative electrical signal of the composition; determining the gas composition by processing this electrical signal. The determination of the composition of the sample is performed on the basis of a combination of a direct probabilistic model of the chromatography column, this model comprising at least one law of probability defining, for at least one gas species liable to be found in the sample, a probability at each moment that a molecule of this gas species is discharged from the chromatography column, and an impulse response model of the detector. It is performed by inverting this combination of models using the electrical signal.

Abstract: A method for estimating a molecular mass parameter in a sample that includes at least one component of given molecular mass, comprising the steps consisting of passing the sample through a processing chain comprising a mass spectrometer with a MEMS or NEMS electromechanical sensor, in this way obtaining a signal representing the molecular mass parameter and estimating the molecular mass parameter by means of a signal processing device. The molecular mass parameter is defined on the basis of a parameter of time distribution of successive detections, by the MEMS or NEMS electromechanical sensor, of the adsorption of said component, and the estimation of the molecular mass parameter is made by Bayesian inference, on the basis of a direct analytical modeling of said signal according to the molecular mass parameter and to technical parameters of the processing chain comprising at least one technical parameter of the MEMS or NEMS electromechanical sensor.

Abstract: The method for detecting defective electrodes in an electrode matrix comprises measurement of an electrochemical impedance spectrum for each of the electrodes. Modeling of the spectrum impedance relative to each electrode by means of an implicit non-integral frequency model is performed in the form of a parameter matrix. Principal components analysis of the matrix is performed to transform said parameter matrix into a final matrix containing decorrelated variables representing the parameter matrix in a new space. The distance between each electrode and a reference point is calculated. These calculated distances are compared with a preset threshold distance and the electrodes having a distance greater than the threshold distance are classified as being defective.

Abstract: A method for estimating a molecular mass parameter in a sample that includes at least one component of given molecular mass, comprising the steps consisting of passing the sample through a processing chain comprising a mass spectrometer with a MEMS or NEMS electromechanical sensor, in this way obtaining a signal representing the molecular mass parameter and estimating the molecular mass parameter by means of a signal processing device. The molecular mass parameter is defined on the basis of a parameter of time distribution of successive detections, by the MEMS or NEMS electromechanical sensor, of the adsorption of said component, and the estimation of the molecular mass parameter is made by Bayesian inference, on the basis of a direct analytical modeling of said signal according to the molecular mass parameter and to technical parameters of the processing chain comprising at least one technical parameter of the MEMS or NEMS electromechanical sensor.

Abstract: This method for estimating biological or chemical parameters in a sample (E) comprises steps consisting of putting (102) the sample (E) through a processing chain, obtaining a signal representative of said biological or chemical parameters as a function of at least one variable of the processing chain, and estimating (104, 106, 108, 110) said biological or chemical parameters using a signal processing device by Bayesian inference, on the basis of a direct analytical modeling of said signal as a function of said biological or chemical parameters of the biological sample and as a function of technical parameters of the processing chain. At least two of said biological or chemical and technical parameters have a probabilistic dependence relationship between each other and signal processing by Bayesian inference is further accomplished on the basis of modeling by a conditional prior probability distribution of this dependence.

Abstract: Measurements of a mobile object and particularly a living being are made using two techniques, normally radiation attenuation and radiation emission, in synchronization to provide images of the object state. Movement displacement fields from one phase to the next are estimated for both techniques, but the final images obtained by the emission technique are improved by the knowledge of the displacement field obtained by the other technique that is more precise.

Abstract: A model of evolution of a signal of a chromatographic column is formed, then inversed as a function of the measured signals, to calculate solute concentrations by using the entire signal. The model is based on equations that govern the transport of solutes in the column as a function of various physical parameters, which can be re-evaluated. The method can be used for searching and measuring rare components, such as proteins, in liquid biological samples.

Abstract: A method for estimating molecule concentrations in a sample, the method including: obtaining a signal generated by a sample analyzing apparatus, the signal including at least one spectrum, the spectrum including peaks representative of the molecule concentrations in the sample and being expressed as a function of at least one variable; obtaining an analytical modeling of the signal with a modeling function, wherein the modeling function is based on the molecule concentrations and factors including gain factors of the equipment and description factors of the peaks; selecting uncertain factors in the factors; determining a priori probability distributions for the uncertain factors and the molecule concentrations; establishing, with the modeling function and the signal, posteriori probability distributions for the molecule concentrations and the uncertain factors; and estimating, with a processing module, the molecule concentrations and the uncertain factors from a parameter inferred from the posteriori probabil

Abstract: This method for estimating molecule concentrations in a measurement line that can include a liquid phase chromatographic column or a mass spectrometry is based on statistical calculations to transform, in an analytical model of the received signal, the factors (measured results or measurement parameters) into probability distributions from a priori estimations. The final values of the results are inferred from a parameter, such as the average, of these probability distributions. The method is excellent in properly assessing measurement peaks in signals with noise or superimposed with other peaks, which is not carried out properly by conventionally peak analysis or spectral analysis methods.

Abstract: Method for detecting defective electrodes in a micro-electrode matrix The method for detecting defective electrodes in an electrode matrix comprises measurement of an electrochemical impedance spectrum for each of the electrodes. Modeling of the spectrum impedance relative to each electrode by means of an implicit non-integral frequency model is performed in the form of a parameter matrix. Principal components analysis of the matrix is performed to transform said parameter matrix into a final matrix containing decorrelated variables representing the parameter matrix in a new space. The distance between each electrode and a reference point is calculated. These calculated distances are compared with a preset threshold distance and the electrodes having a distance greater than the threshold distance are classified as being defective.

Abstract: A calculation for reconstructing tomographic images involves the decomposition of two-dimensional sets of projections of this image by a wavelet decomposition method, in which the set of projections is separated into thumbnail images expressing the whole and the higher frequency details of the projections, respectively. The reconstruction is carried out separately on the thumbnail images before making a combination. Certain properties of this decomposition, notably in the Fourier frequency domain, provide substantial reduction of the amount of calculations.

Abstract: Measurements of a mobile object and particularly a living being are made using two techniques, normally radiation attenuation and radiation emission, in synchronisation to provide images of the object state. Movement displacement fields from one phase to the next are estimated for both techniques, but the final images obtained by the emission technique are improved by the knowledge of the displacement field obtained by the other technique that is more precise.

Abstract: A correct inversion formula of projections of tomography is proposed by supposing improved deformation of the object (E), that is, comprising translations, rotations and homotheties comparable to uniform dilations. Generalisations to other deformation situations of the object in question and other radiations are possible.

Abstract: Sets of projections of measurements through an object (1) the image of which is to be represented, undergo Fourier transforms before being broken down into blocks according to cutoff frequencies. The blocks are separately reconstructed in order to form a series of thumbnail images of the object, which are then combined in order to reconstruct the final image. The reconstruction calculations on the thumbnail images are rapid and often a large portion of the blocks will be discarded, notably those which are at high frequencies, whereby their contribution may frequently be neglected as well as the noise effects which accumulate therein. The invention is applied to medical or industrial tomography methods and is of larger interest for mobile objects, the movement of which may be estimated and compensated.