Abstract: Tuyere for the processing of metals in the liquid, solid or pasty state, and capable of introducing simultaneously and separately a gas and a powdered material. The tuyere comprises at least two well-centered concentric tubes, the gas being introduced into a non-external tube, and the powdered and compressed material being introduced into another tube, which is lubricated on its inner wall by a film of a lubricating substance introduced through a slot formed therein. The outer tube is traversed by an agent protecting the tuyere against its hot wear.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method of introducing refining gas and stirring gas into metal refining converters, and more particularly into converters in steelworks.To achieve this, the subject of the present invention is a method of blowing oxidizing gases, particularly pure oxygen, to refine metals, and more particularly to refine pig iron into steel, in a converter, by means on the one hand of a lance blowing from top to bottom, and on the other hand by protected tuyeres blowing, vertically or obliquely, from bottom to top, and characterized in that the amount of oxygen blown from bottom to top by the tuyeres is between 3% and 25% of the total amount of oxygen necessary to refine the metal bath, in that this oxygen is blown from bottom to top with a practically constant flow or a decreasing flow, i.e.

Abstract: An improved construction for the refining gas passage of a tuyere for use in refining molten metal in a converter. The transverse section of the refining gas passage has a continuous outer enclosure and a central opening defining a plurality of radially extending branches whose total perimeter exceeds the circumference of a circle having an area equivalent to the central opening.

Abstract: Ferro-manganese is decarburized from a carbon content of as high as 7.5% down to 2% or less by blowing an oxidizing gas into the melt in two stages through one or more immersed tuyeres protected with a peripheral fluid introduced into said tuyeres, utilizing temperatures between 1650.degree. and 1750.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for refining molten non-ferrous matte by injecting an oxidizing gas into the matte through at least one multiple, concentric tube tuyere submerged beneath the surface of the matte. The tuyere is cooled by injecting liquid sulfur through the outermost tube of the tuyere.

Abstract: An improved process for reducing the rate of wear and for minimizing the amount of liquid cooling agent supplied to a tuyere used for blowing oxidizing gas in the refining of molten metal. The fluid passageway of the tuyere is provided with an outlet having a reduced cross-sectional area and the cooling agent is injected at a flow rate between 0.05 and 0.14 liters per minute per centimeter of the circumference of the fluid passageway.