Abstract: The present invention is a method of selective adsorptively separating nitrogen from oxygen using a crystalline metallosilicate having a ZSM-2 structure with a Si/Al ratio less than 2.0 and a lithium cation exchange of at least 50%, wherein the composition has the chemical formula:M.sub.2/n O:X.sub.2 O.sub.3 :(2.0 to <4.0)SiO.sub.2wherein M=one or more metal cations having a valence of n, and X is selected from the group consisting of aluminum, gallium and boron, preferably aluminum. The method is conducted at a bed temperature in the range of approximately -100.degree. C. to 100.degree. C.

Abstract: The present invention is a composition, a synthesis of the composition and a method of using the composition for selectively adsorptively separating nitrogen from oxygen wherein the composition is a crystalline EMT with a Si/Al ratio less than 2.0 and a micropore volume determined in the sodium and/or potassium form of at least 0.20 cm.sup.3 /g and a lithium cation exchange of at least 80%, preferably including an intergrowth with a crystalline FAU structure, wherein the pure or intergrowth compositions have the chemical formula:M.sub.2/n O:X.sub.2 O.sub.3 :(2.0 to <4.0)SiO.sub.2wherein M=one or more metal cations having a valence of n, and X is selected from the group consisting of aluminum, gallium and boron, preferably aluminum.

Abstract: The present invention is a composition, a synthesis of the composition and a method of using the composition for selectively adsorptively separating nitrogen from oxygen wherein the composition is a crystalline EMT with a Si/Al ratio less than 2.0 and a micropore volume determined in the sodium and/or potassium form of at least 0.20 cm.sup.3 /g and a lithium cation exchange of at least 80%, preferably including an intergrowth with a crystalline FAU structure, wherein the pure or intergrowth compositions have the chemical formula:M.sub.2/n O:X.sub.2 O.sub.3 :(2.0 to <4.0)SiO.sub.2wherein M=one or more metal cations having a valence of n, and X is selected from the group consisting of aluminum, gallium and boron, preferably aluminum.

Abstract: The present invention is a composition, a synthesis of the composition and a method of using the composition for selectively adsorptively separating nitrogen from oxygen wherein the composition is a crystalline EMT with a Si/Al ratio less than 2.0 and a lithium cation exchange of at least 80%, preferably including an intergrowth with a crystalline FAU structure, wherein the pure or intergrowth compositions have the chemical formula:(0.20-0.0)M.sub.2/n O:(0.80-1.0)Li.sub.2 O:X.sub.2 O.sub.3 :(2.0 to <4.0)SiO.sub.2wherein M=a metal cation other than lithium having a valence of n, and X is selected from the group consisting of aluminum, gallium and boron, preferably aluminum.

Abstract: The present invention is a composition, a synthesis of the composition and a method of using the composition for selectively adsorptively separating nitrogen from oxygen wherein the composition is a crystalline EMT with a Si/Al ratio less than 2.0 and a lithium cation exchange of at least 80%, preferably including an intergrowth with a crystalline FAU structure, wherein the pure or intergrowth compositions have the chemical formula:(0.2-0.0)M.sub.2/n 0:(0.80-1.0)Li.sub.2 0:X.sub.2 0.sub.3 :(2.0 to <4.0)SiO.sub.2wherein M=a metal cation other than lithium having a valence of n, and X is selected from the group consisting of aluminum, gallium and boron, preferably aluminum.

Abstract: Process for the synthesis of aromatic alkylated hydrocarbons with a saturated alkyl chain including at least four carbon atoms, according to which an aromatic hydrocarbon, replaced by an alkyl group with a short saturated chain comprising one to three carbon atoms, is made to react with an olefin in the presence of a catalyst made up of at least one alkaline metal or a alkaline metal hydride impregnated on an alumina support. The process is characterised by the fact that the catalyst is prepared in the reaction medium in the presence of the aromatic hydrocarbon with a short alkyl chain by mixing anhydrous alumina with the alkaline metal hydride or with the alkaline metal, and then the olefin is introduced in order to start the reaction.

Abstract: A process for producing gamma-butyrolactone by catalytic hydrogenation of maleic anyhydride in the liquid phase with hydrogen, at a high temperature and under pressure, in the presence of a catalyst comprising nickel and palladium deposited on a support, wherein said support is a silica based support having a very high specific surface area , the value of which may range from 50 m.sup.2 /g, preferably from about 100 m.sup.2 /g to about 800 m.sup.2 /g and more.Very high conversion rates of 90-98 mole % and excellent selectivities to gamma-butyrolactone of 95 to 97 mole % are achieved by the process.

Abstract: A single-step process for the conversion of polysaccharides to polyhydric alcohols by hydrogenation at high pressure and temperature in the presence of a catalyst comprising (i) a supported metal selected from ruthenium, copper, nickel, cobalt and their mixtures, the metal being highly dispersed on the support so as to be capable of adsorbing more than 0.58 molecules of CO per atom of metal, and (ii) a solid having acidic functions, which may or may not be identical to the support, the solid having sufficient acid functions so that the rate constant of hydrolysis of sucrose on the catalyst is greater than 70% of the rate constant of hydrogenation of glucose on the catalyst. The process gives substantially pure polyhydric alcohols in a single step.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for obtaining ethylene from anhydrous or aqueous ethanol by means of a catalyst of the crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite type of natural or synthetic origin.

Abstract: Amorphous, substantially spherical silica particles obtained by acidic hydrolysis of substantially spherical synthetic crystalline calcium silicates having a size of from 20 to 120 microns are coated with a layer comprising silica and alumina. The silica particles obtained may be directly employed as catalysts for the oligomerization of olefins and, having been loaded with platinum, as hydrocracking catalysts.

Abstract: A device for regulating the exchange of energy between at least two generating and/or receiving, DC and/or AC electrical systems, (S.sub.0 . . . S.sub.n) for controlling the powers delivered or absorbed by said systems, these electrical systems being Y-connected to an oscillating circuit (OSC) by means of static switches (C.sub.p, Ca.sub.1 . . . C.sub.n), a controllable phase-shifting circuit (D) for driving the converters for producing at their outputs electrical values with a common frequency and with constrained phases; the oscillating circuits (OSC) oscillating at the above stated frequency for assuring temporary energy storage, and control means (MC) for feeding control signals as a function of the desired energy exchanges to the phase shifting circuits (D).

Abstract: Amorphous, approximately spherical silica particles prepared by the acidic hydrolysis of an approximately spherical synthetic calcium silicate having a uniform microgranular structure on their external surfaces and a structure in the interior thereof which structure only weakly recall the original crystal needle structure of the starting material. The average external particle size is from 15 to 80 .mu.m, the apparent particle volume is from 1.3 to 3 cm.sup.3 /g, and the specific surface area is from 250 to 800 m.sup.2 /g. The silica particles are particularly suitable for use as catalyst supports.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for obtaining ethylene from anhydrous or aqueous ethanol by means of a catalyst of the zeolite type containing a silicate of a metal M1 having a valence of 3 and 4 and a tetraedric coordination and containing possibly another charge compensating metal M2 selected among the elements of the Ia, Ib, IIa, IIb, IIIa, IIIb, IVa, IVb, Va, VIb, VIIb and VIII groups of the Mendeljev Table. As examples of M2 metals, the alkaline metals, the alkaline-earth metals and the lanthanides may be cited.According to the invention, anhydrous or aqueous ethanol is contacted with a catalyst of the above type, in which the ratio (M1-M2/n)/(Si+M1)(in which II is the valence of said other metal) is at most equal to 1.5%. The temperature of the catalyst and the contact time of ethanol with said catalyst are such that the conversion rate of ethanol into ethylene is about 100% and the carbon selectivity for ethylene is at least equal to about 99% by weight.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the activation of siliceous catalysts selected among zeolites with a high silica content, organosilicates, polymorphous crystalline silicas and zeolites deactivated by treatment with water vapor.According to the invention, the catalyst is activated by reacting aluminum chloride and hydrogen chloride, both in gaseous phase with the catalyst, at a temperature between about 150.degree. and 600.degree. C. in the same reactor, the possible excess of gaseous hydrogen chloride being removed by means of an inert gas, such as nitrogen.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising a metallic carrier having a catalytically active metal-containing surface layer, the catalytic metal being other than a noble metal, wherein the catalytically active metal-containing surface layer is formed directly on the carrier by an etching treatment with an oxidizing inorganic acid which at least partially removes one or more metals from the surface of the metallic carrier, followed by chemical reduction with hydrogen.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising a metallic carrier having a catalytically active metal-containing surface layer, the catalytic metal being other than a noble metal, whereby the catalytically active surface layer is formed out of a homogeneous metallic carrier by oxidizing in an oxidizing gas such as air and subsequently reducing with hydrogen the surface of the metallic carrier at a temperature at which the active metal is substantially not sintered, characterized in that the carrier is a web or felt of fibers with a diameter between 4 and 100 microns.

Abstract: A process for isomerization of paraffinic or olefinic hydrocarbons using as catalysts or as supports for catalysts bridged clays which are prepared by an aqueous clay suspension subjected to a dialysis.

Abstract: In a process for the preparation of bridged clays, a mixture of an aqueous solution of at least one metal hydroxide and aqueous clay suspension is subjected to dialysis. Said clays are suited for use as catalysts or as supports for catalysts for the conversion of paraffinic or olefinic hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for permitting the magnetization of materials in the form of sheets or strips, such as magnetic rubber, wherein one or two stacks formed by flat main magnets 1 adjacent to ferromagnetic pole pieces 2 in the vicinity of which (or between which) travels the strip to be magnetized. The main magnets adjacent to the same pole piece having opposing magnetizations as well as the magnets located face to face in each of the stacks. The device can be completed by field magnets .delta. and intermediate magnets 9.