Abstract: The invention concerns a method for obtaining oxacarbonyl polymers comprising steps which consist in: providing at least monomers comprising at least a cyclic oxacarbonyl function, an initiator, and in polymerising or copolymerising said monomers, in bulk or in solution, the initiator being selected among bicyclic guanidine compounds of formula (I) or (II) wherein one and/or the other of the cycles can be substituted, in at least any one of positions 2, 3, 4, 8, 9 and 10 of formula (I) or in at least any one of positions 2, 3, 7 and 8 of formula (II), by at least a radical selected among the alkyl groups with 1 to 6 carbon atoms, the cycloalkyl groups with 5 to 7 carbon atoms, polystyrene hydrocarbon chains.

Abstract: The present invention relates to more or less substituted acrylamide or acrylate and zwitterion monomer hydrosoluble copolymers.

Abstract: The process includes the reaction of a chloro-formamidinium chloride with a polystyrene-divinylbenzene resin functionalized with primary amine groups. The resins which can be obtained according to this process may in particular have a spacer arm of general formula (IV): ##STR1## with X representing oxygen or sulphur and m being equal to 1 or 2. This spacer arm bears at its end, on the right, a primary amine group or a guanidine group.

Abstract: A process for fluidizing an aqueous suspension of mineral particles or hydraulic binder pastes which comprises admixing said aqueous suspension of mineral particles or hydraulic binder pastes with one or more compounds or salts of compounds corresponding to the general formula: ##STR1## wherein: R is a hydrogen atom or a saturated or unsaturated monovalent hydrocarbon group comprising 1 to 18 carbon atoms and optionally one or more heteroatoms;R.sub.i is an alkylene or an arylene group optionally comprising one or more heteroatoms;Q is a hydrocarbon group comprising 2 to 18 carbon atoms and optionally one or more heteroatoms;A is an alkylidene group comprising 1 to 5 carbon atoms;R.sub.j is selected from the group consisting of an A-PO.sub.3 H.sub.2 group, an alkyl group comprising 1 to 18 carbon atoms and the group ##STR2## wherein R.sub.k is selected from the group consisting of an A-PO.sub.3 H.sub.2 group and an alkyl group and B is an alkylene group;n is 1 to 10,000;r is the sum of ?R-O(R.sub.i -O).sub.

Abstract: The process includes the reaction of a chloroformamidinium chloride with a polystyrene-divinylbenzene resin functionalized with primary amine groups. The resins which can be obtained according to this process may in particular have a spacer arm of general formula (IV):--CH.sub.2 --(--X--CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --).sub.m -- (IV)with X representing oxygen or sulphur and m being equal to 1 or 2. This spacer arm bears at its end, on the right, a primary amine group or a guanidine group.

Abstract: The process includes the reaction of a chloroformamidinium chloride with a polystyrene-divinylbenzene resin functionalized with primary amine groups. The resins which can be obtained according to this process may in particular have a spacer arm of general formula (IV):--CH.sub.2 (--X--CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --(.sub.m -- (IV)with X representing oxygen or sulphur and m being equal to 1 or 2. This spacer arm bears at its end, on the right, a primary amine group or a guanidine group.

Abstract: A modified or bridged asphalt composition. The composition can be obtained by treating at least one asphalt base with an acid-derived compound having at least two functional groups capable, respectively, of being grafted onto one or more sites located on two or more different aromatic entities of the asphalt base, so as to link said entities by bridging.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of polyoxyalkylated compounds comprising at least one primary or secondary amine function is provided comprising reacting at least one amino-alcoholate (B) produced from an amino-alcohol (A) including at least one OH group and at least one primary or secondary amine function, by replacing a fraction or all the OH groups by OM groups, M being selected from sodium, potassium, rubidium and cesium, with an oxirane, a mixture of oxiranes or a sequence of oxiranes, in an aprotic and anhydrous solvent, in an anhydrous atmosphere and at a temperature of between about 0.degree. C. and 200.degree. C.

Abstract: The invention involves the liquid phase hydroconversion of hydrocarbon charges containing heavy fractions, and more particularly their deep conversion, in which the charge is contacted with a dispersed catalyst in the presence of a polyaromatic additive. The catalyst is a sulfide of a hydrogenating metal (such as molybdenum, nickel or cobalt) generated in situ from a precursor. The additive has at least three aromatic cycles, has a boiling point exceeding 300.degree. C., and is added at a rate of 5 to 60% by weight based on the charge. Synergism between the catalyst and the additive makes it possible to reduce the catalyst quantity and/or improve the conversion and quality of the products.

Abstract: A process for producing a surface gate comprising a selective membrane for an integrated chemical sensor comprising a field effect transistor, and the integrated chemical sensor thus produced, wherein the surface gate is particularly sensitive to alkaline-earth species, and more particularly, sensitive to the calcium ion. The process comprises forming grafts on the surface gate, and making the grafts operative utilizing phosphonate-based, iono-sensitive molecules.

Abstract: Silica-based substrate surface-modified by grafting covalent links of organic polysubstituted guanidinium groups, and preferably polyakylguanidinium groups. These substrates can be obtained by reacting silica with a polyalkylguanidinium anion, the silanol residual groups of silica being optionally treated with hexamethyldisilazane to stabilize the substrates. These substrates can be used as chlorination and esterification catalysts.

Abstract: A process for the thermal conversion of various fossil organic materials such as heavy crude oils, heavy petroleum fractions or refining residues, is described. According to the invention, the charge is subjected to thermal processing in the presence of a minor proportion of at least one radical-generating monooxygenated compound, containing at least one heteroelement selected from sulfur, and nitrogen and in which the oxygen is borne by said heteroelement. The conversion is improved with a composition comprising a hydrogen donor diluent and this monooxygenated compound in a weight ratio of 0.2:1 to 400:1. The invention is useful in the petroleum industry and the coal industry and particularly in the process of hydrovisbreaking.

Abstract: New surface-active compounds of the sulfobetaines group are manufactured. They comply with the general formula: ##STR1## wherein each of R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 is substantially a hydrocarbon radical, each of R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 is a hydrogen atom or substantially a hydrocarbon radical and R.sub.6 is a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon radical, R.sub.1 to R.sub.6 radicals containing together from 12 to 30 carbon atoms, n is an integer equal to 2 to 3, Z may be a CH.sub.3 radical or a hydroxy group, p may be 0 or 1 with, when Z is a hydroxy group and p is equal to 1, a value of 1 for m and for q; when Z is a methyl radical, with a value of 1 for p, a value of 2 for m and a value of 0 or 1 for q and, when p=0, a value of 2, 3 or 4 for the sum (m+q).These new surfactants are useful in enhanced oil recovery as micellar systems consisting of aqueous solutions and microemulsions.

Abstract: A asymmetrical aryl ether of the formulaX--Ar--O--Ar'--Y,wherein Ar and Ar' are each a divalent aromatic radical, X and Y are electron attracting atoms or groups which differ from each other or have different positions on the corresponding aromatic radicals, is produced by heating together, in the presence of a basic catalyst, equimolecular amounts of two aryl carbonates of the formulas:X--Ar--O--CO--O--Ar--X,andY--Ar'--O--CO--O--Ar'--Y