Abstract: A closed loop performing a Rankine cycle for a motor vehicle includes a circulation and compression pump for a working fluid, a heat exchanger swept by a hot source for heating said working fluid, expansion means for expanding the hot fluid and a cooling exchanger-swept by a cooling fluid for cooling this working fluid. A method of controlling the closed loop performing a Rankine cycle for a motor vehicle includes, after detecting a vehicle accident situation, in communicating the inside of the loop with the ambient air.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for controlling the working fluid with low freezing point circulating in a closed circuit (10) operating according to a Rankine cycle, said circuit including a compression pump (12) for the fluid in liquid form, a heat exchanger (22) swept by a hot source (28) for evaporation of said fluid, an expander (30) for expanding the fluid in vapor form and a cooling exchanger (40) swept by a cold source (F) for condensation of the working fluid. According to the invention, the device includes a fluid collection tank for draining said circuit.

Abstract: In a device for controlling a working fluid with low freezing point circulating in a closed loop working on a Rankine cycle, the loop includes a compression/circulation pump for the fluid in liquid form, a heat exchanger swept by a hot source for evaporation of the fluid, expansion machine for the fluid in vapour form, a cooling exchanger swept by a cold source for condensation of the working fluid, a working fluid tank and working fluid circulation lines. The working fluid tank is connected to a depression generator.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for controlling a working fluid with low freezing point circulating in a closed loop (10) working on a Rankine cycle, said loop comprising a compression/circulation pump (12) for the fluid in liquid form, a heat exchanger (18) swept by a hot source (24) for evaporation of said fluid, expansion means (30) for the fluid in vapour form, a cooling exchanger (42) swept by a cold source (F) for condensation of the working fluid, a working fluid tank (48) and working fluid circulation lines (52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62). According to the invention, tank (48) is connected to a depression generator (50).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of controlling a closed loop (10) performing a Rankine cycle for a motor vehicle, said loop comprising a circulation and compression pump (12) for a working fluid, a heat exchanger (14) swept by a hot source (16) for heating said working fluid, expansion means (22) for expanding the hot fluid and a cooling exchanger (26) swept by a cooling fluid (28) for cooling this working fluid. According to the invention, the method consists, after detecting a vehicle accident situation, in communicating the inside of the loop with the ambient air.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for controlling the working fluid with low freezing point circulating in a closed circuit (10) operating according to a Rankine cycle, said circuit comprising a compression pump (12) for the fluid in liquid form, a heat exchanger (22) swept by a hot source (28) for evaporation of said fluid, expansion means (30) for expanding the fluid in vapour form and a cooling exchanger (40) swept by a cold source (F) for condensation of the working fluid. According to the invention, the device comprises a fluid collection tank (52) for draining said circuit.

Abstract: A method for controlling a supercharged engine, that includes determining an overlap of valves by opening a supercharged non-fuel-containing air inlet valve and closing an exhaust valve before the exhaust phase of an engine cylinder and in the vicinity of the top dead center (TDC), actuating a blocking means for blocking a supercharged non-fuel-containing air intake means to admit supercharged air flowing in the supercharged non-fuel-containing air intake means into a chamber to scavenge residual burned gases when a pressure of the supercharged non-fuel-containing air is greater than a pressure of the exhaust gases, and actuating the blocking means to shut off the supercharged air flowing from the supercharged non-fuel-containing intake means into the chamber when pressure of the supercharged non-fuel-containing air is less than pressure of the exhaust gases.

Abstract: The present invention provides a portable photodynamic disinfection light delivery device comprising: two opposing light sources, an energy source to supply energy to the light sources, and a housing for receiving the two light sources and the energy source; wherein (i) the housing includes two members each having a clamp portion for receiving one of the two light sources and an attachment mean connecting the clamp portions; (ii) the clamp portions during photodynamic disinfection surround a catheter disinfection site; and (iii) the two light sources together provide circumferential illumination at least one wavelength that can activate at least one photosensitizer so as to reduce microbes located at the catheter disinfection site.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for controlling a supercharged engine comprising at least one cylinder (10), at least one supercharged fuel-containing inlet valve (20), a supercharged non-fuel-containing air inlet valve (28), and at least one exhaust valve (36). According to the invention, the method consists of: bringing about, before the exhaust phase of a cylinder, an overlap of the non-fuel-containing inlet valve (28) and exhaust valve (36), commanding an additional means (30) in order to admit supercharged non-fuel-containing air into said cylinder (10) to scavenge the residual burned gases, commanding said additional blocking means to close the supercharged non-fuel-containing air intake when the pressure of the supercharged non-fuel-containing air is less than that of the exhaust gases.

Abstract: A combustion method for a supercharged four-stroke engine having at least four cylinders includes a combustion cycle during which a cylinder of the engine is in the exhaust phase while another cylinder is in the supercharged air intake phase with a burnt gas scavenging stage. The start of the exhaust phase of the cylinder in the exhaust phase is shifted in relation to the start of the burnt gas scavenging stage of the cylinder in the intake phase.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a supercharged internal-combustion, notably indirect-injection engine comprising at least one cylinder (10) with two types of supercharged air intake means (12, 14), one type for non-carbureted supercharged air intake (12) and another type for carbureted supercharged air intake (14), said intake means being supplied with supercharged air by supply means (38). According to the invention, supply means (38) comprise a specific supercharged air supply device (46, 50) for each type of intake means (12, 14).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a combustion method for a supercharged four-stroke engine having at least four cylinders (10) with a combustion cycle during which a cylinder of the engine is in the exhaust phase while another cylinder is in the supercharged air intake phase with a burnt gas scavenging stage.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a supercharged internal-combustion, notably indirect-injection engine comprising at least one cylinder (10) with two types of supercharged air intake means (12, 14), one type for non-carbureted supercharged air intake (12) and another type for carbureted supercharged air intake (14), said intake means being supplied with supercharged air by supply means (38).

Abstract: A lightweight hand-held skin abnormality detection system includes a source of excitation light that causes tissue under examination to produce fluorescence light. The fluorescence light produced along with the beam of reference light is provided to a beam splitter which divides the fluorescence light and the reference light into separate optical channels. Each optical channel produces an image of the tissue under examination. A passive optical combiner superimposes the image produced by each optical channel for viewing by a user.

Abstract: A lightweight hand-held skin abnormality detection system includes a source of excitation light that causes tissue under examination to produce fluorescence light. The fluorescence light produced along with the beam of reference light is provided to a beam splitter which divides the fluorescence light and the reference light into separate optical channels. Each optical channel produces an image of the tissue under examination. A passive optical combiner superimposes the image produced by each optical channel for viewing by a user.

Abstract: A lightweight hand-held skin abnormality detection system includes a source of excitation light that causes tissue under examination to produce fluorescence light. The fluorescence light produced along with the beam of reference light is provided to a beam splitter which divides the fluorescence light and the reference light into separate optical channels. Each optical channel produces an image of the tissue under examination. A passive optical combiner superimposes the image produced by each optical channel for viewing by a user.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an integrated lateral transistor in which the depth and the doping level of the emitter region are such that the diffusion length of the minority carriers vertically injected into it is larger than or equal to the thickness of the emitter region. The distance between the peripheries of an electrical emitter connection zone and the emitter region is nominally larger than the alignment tolerance of an emitter contact window. This permits obtaining a transistor having an improved current amplification. An integrated circuit includes a lateral transistor, in which the ratio between the surface of the emitter region and that of the electrical emitter connection zone advantageous lies between 20 and 200.

Abstract: A semiconductor device including a vertical transistor, for example of the pnp type, having a p-type substrate (1) which forms the collector, with at its surface an epitaxial n-type layer (3) in which a p-type emitter region (15, 16) is formed, while the portion (9) of the epitaxial layer (3) lying between the emitter (15, 16) and the collector (1) forms the base. In this vertical transistor, the current gain is very strongly increased when the emitter is formed by a first partial emitter region which is weakly p-type doped and which extends below an insulating layer (6) and by a second partial emitter region (16) which is strongly p.sup.++ -type doped and which extends below the contact zone (26) of the emitter defined by an opening in the insulating layer (6). The respective thicknesses and doping levels of the first (15) and second (16) emitter regions are provided such that the first region is transparent to electrons and the second forms a screen against electrons.

Abstract: A bipolar lateral transistor, for example of the pnp type, is contained in a semiconductor device. The lateral transistor has a p-type emitter region and a p-type collector region laterally spaced apart by an n-type base region. This lateral transistor is formed in an n-type epitaxial layer at the surface of a p-type substrate. The transistor further has a n.sup.++ -type buried layer. The current gain in this lateral transistor is strongly increased by forming the emitter from a first partial emitter region which is weakly p-type doped and extends below an insulating layer, and a second partial emitter region which is strongly P.sup.++ -type doped and extends below the contact zone of the emitter, which is defined by an opening in the insulating layer. The respective thicknesses and doping levels of the first and second emitter regions are provided such that the first region is transparent to electrons and the second region forms a screen against electrons.

Abstract: The invention relates to an integrated circuit having a vertical transistor. According to the invention, a transistor having a current amplification .beta. considerably higher than a conventional transistor is obtained due to the fact that the emitter (5) of the transistor has a thickness and a doping level such that the diffusion length of the minority charge carriers injected vertically into the latter is greater than or equal to the thickness of the emitter (5) and the emitter contact region is so small that during operation the total current of minority charge carriers injected from the base into the emitter region is much smaller than the current density of minority carriers injected from the base into the emitter region under the emitter contact region multiplied by the total surface area of the emitter region.