Abstract: A detector, comprising: a plurality of first pixels, each first pixel configured to convert radiation into an electrical signal; a plurality of second pixels; and a plurality of data lines coupled to the first pixels and the second pixels; control logic configured to combine a signal from at least one of the second pixels with an electrical signal from one of the first pixels; wherein electrical connections of each of the second pixels are different from electrical connections of the first pixels such that for each second pixel: components of the second pixel are different from components of each of the first pixels; electrical connections between components of the components of the second pixel are different from electrical connections between the components of each of the first pixels; or a number of electrical connections to the second pixel are different from a number of electrical connections to each of the first pixels.

Abstract: Technology is described for generating a valid token control signal from control signals from a row driver. In one example, a matrix type integrated circuit includes a row driver module and a 2D array of cell elements. The row driver module includes a voting logic module and at least two row drivers configured to generate control signals on at least two communal lines for cell elements of a row of the 2D array. Each row driver is configured to generate control signals on at least three control lines where at least two control lines are the communal lines and coupled to a corresponding communal line of another row driver. The voting logic module is coupled to the at least three control lines of one of the row drivers and configured to generate an output based on the control signals on the at least three control lines.

Abstract: An example imaging system includes a plurality of pixel circuits each having a photodiode, a biasing circuit and a charge-to-voltage converter. The photodiode is configured to generate charges in response to light or radiation. The biasing circuit includes an operational amplifier having an input signal port for receiving a bias reference signal which controls a bias current flowing through an internal circuit of the operational amplifier. The charge-to-voltage converter is configured to accumulate the charges drained by the biasing circuit and convert the accumulated charges into a corresponding output voltage.

Abstract: Technology is described for selectively disconnecting a communal module (e.g., horizontal power and signal distribution network) from conductive traces (e.g., vertical columns) that are coupled to cell elements. In one example, a matrix type integrated circuit includes a two dimensional (2D) array of cell elements, a plurality of conductive traces, a communal module, and a plurality of switches. Each cell element in the 2D array provides a similar function. The plurality of conductive traces is substantially parallel to a first axis of the 2D array. Each conductive trace is coupled to a conductive interconnect of cell elements adjacent to the conductive trace. The communal module is configured to provide distribution of at least one electrical signal to the cell elements in the 2D array via at least two conductive traces that are substantially parallel to the first axis.

Abstract: An imaging system includes a plurality of pixel circuits each having a photodiode, a biasing circuit and a charge-to-voltage converter. The photodiode is configured to generate charges in response to light or radiation. The biasing circuit is configured to provide a constant bias voltage across the photodiode so as to drain the charges generated by the photodiode. The charge-to-voltage converter is configured to accumulate the charges drained by the biasing circuit and convert the accumulated charges into a corresponding output voltage.

Abstract: Technology is described for generating a valid token control signal from control signals from a row driver. In one example, a matrix type integrated circuit includes a row driver module and a 2D array of cell elements. The row driver module includes a voting logic module and at least two row drivers configured to generate control signals on at least two communal lines for cell elements of a row of the 2D array. Each row driver is configured to generate control signals on at least three control lines where at least two control lines are the communal lines and coupled to a corresponding communal line of another row driver. The voting logic module is coupled to the at least three control lines of one of the row drivers and configured to generate an output based on the control signals on the at least three control lines.

Abstract: Technology is described for selectively disconnecting a communal module (e.g., horizontal power and signal distribution network) from conductive traces (e.g., vertical columns) that are coupled to cell elements. In one example, a matrix type integrated circuit includes a two dimensional (2D) array of cell elements, a plurality of conductive traces, a communal module, and a plurality of switches. Each cell element in the 2D array provides a similar function. The plurality of conductive traces is substantially parallel to a first axis of the 2D array. Each conductive trace is coupled to a conductive interconnect of cell elements adjacent to the conductive trace. The communal module is configured to provide distribution of at least one electrical signal to the cell elements in the 2D array via at least two conductive traces that are substantially parallel to the first axis.

Abstract: In a reference signal distribution system, a first subsystem is configured to distribute a reference signal to a second subsystem. The first subsystem includes multiple diode-connected devices biased by a reference current and configured to establish a differential voltage between a first node and a second node. The second subsystem includes multiple diode-connected devices driven by the differential voltage and configured to generate a copy current associated with the reference current.

Abstract: An imaging system includes a plurality of pixel circuits each having a photodiode, a biasing circuit and a charge-to-voltage converter. The photodiode is configured to generate charges in response to light or radiation. The biasing circuit is configured to provide a constant bias voltage across the photodiode so as to drain the charges generated by the photodiode. The charge-to-voltage converter is configured to accumulate the charges drained by the biasing circuit and convert the accumulated charges into a corresponding output voltage.

Abstract: An imaging system includes a plurality of pixel circuits each having a photodiode, a biasing circuit and a charge-to-voltage converter. The photodiode is configured to generate charges in response to light or radiation. The biasing circuit is configured to provide a constant bias voltage across the photodiode so as to drain the charges generated by the photodiode. The charge-to-voltage converter is configured to accumulate the charges drained by the biasing circuit and convert the accumulated charges into a corresponding output voltage.

Abstract: An imaging system includes a plurality of pixel circuits each having a photodiode, a biasing circuit and a charge-to-voltage converter. The photodiode is configured to generate charges in response to light or radiation. The biasing circuit is configured to provide a constant bias voltage across the photodiode so as to drain the charges generated by the photodiode. The charge-to-voltage converter is configured to accumulate the charges drained by the biasing circuit and convert the accumulated charges into a corresponding output voltage.

Abstract: In a reference signal distribution system, a first subsystem is configured to distribute a reference signal to a second subsystem. The first subsystem includes multiple diode-connected devices biased by a reference current and configured to establish a differential voltage between a first node and a second node. The second subsystem includes multiple diode-connected devices driven by the differential voltage and configured to generate a copy current associated with the reference current.

Abstract: An X-ray matrix imager is configured to operate based on a multiple-gate-line driving scheme and a shared-data-line driving scheme. The X-ray matrix imager includes a matrix with multiple pixels, multiple gate line sets, multiple data lines, multiple gate drivers, multiple row multiplexers, and multiple pull-down units. Each gate line sets includes a first gate line coupled to a first pixel and a second gate line coupled to a second pixel adjacent to the first pixel. Each data line is coupled to the multiple gate line sets for receiving charges accumulated on the pixels. Each row multiplexer is configured to selectively couple a corresponding gate driver to the first gate line or the second gate line in a corresponding gate line set. Each pull-down unit is configured to couple the first gate line to a constant voltage when the first gate line is not coupled to the corresponding gate driver.

Abstract: An X-ray matrix imager is configured to operate based on a multiple-gate-line driving scheme and a shared-data-line driving scheme. The X-ray matrix imager includes a matrix with multiple pixels, multiple gate line sets, multiple data lines, multiple gate drivers, multiple row multiplexers, and multiple pull-down units. Each gate line sets includes a first gate line coupled to a first pixel and a second gate line coupled to a second pixel adjacent to the first pixel. Each data line is coupled to the multiple gate line sets for receiving charges accumulated on the pixels. Each row multiplexer is configured to selectively couple a corresponding gate driver to the first gate line or the second gate line in a corresponding gate line set. Each pull-down unit is configured to couple the first gate line to a constant voltage when the first gate line is not coupled to the corresponding gate driver.

Abstract: An X-Ray matrix imager includes a matrix, a plurality of gate line sets, and a plurality of data lines. The matrix includes a plurality of rows of pixels configured to accumulate charges in response to light or radiation. Each of the gate line sets includes a first gate line coupled to a first pixel among a first row of pixels of the matrix, and a second gate line coupled to a second pixel among the first row of pixels of the matrix, wherein the first pixel is adjacent to the second pixel. Each of the data lines is arranged to be coupled to the plurality of gate line sets for receiving charges accumulated on the first row of pixels. The X-Ray matrix imager is configured to operate based on multiple-gate-line driving scheme and shared-data-line driving scheme.

Abstract: An example imaging system including a detector, a transconductance amplifier, a charge integrator, and a current mirror is disclosed. The detector is coupled to a first current and configured to accumulate charges in response to light or radiation. The transconductance amplifier is configured to receive a pixel voltage of the detector and generate a second current according to the pixel voltage, wherein the pixel voltage is associated with the accumulated charges and the first current. The charge integrator is configured to generate an output signal according to a third current. The current mirror is configured to generate the first current and the third current according to the second current so that the first current gradually decreases as the pixel voltage approaches a reference voltage.

Abstract: An X-Ray matrix imager includes a matrix, a plurality of gate line sets, and a plurality of data lines. The matrix includes a plurality of rows of pixels configured to accumulate charges in response to light or radiation. Each of the gate line sets includes a first gate line coupled to a first pixel among a first row of pixels of the matrix, and a second gate line coupled to a second pixel among the first row of pixels of the matrix, wherein the first pixel is adjacent to the second pixel. Each of the data lines is arranged to be coupled to the plurality of gate line sets for receiving charges accumulated on the first row of pixels. The X-Ray matrix imager is configured to operate based on multiple-gate-line driving scheme and shared-data-line driving scheme.

Abstract: Systems and methods of processing data generated using multi-gain detectors are disclosed. These systems and methods include separate gain images and separate offset images associated with each dynamic range of a multi-gain detector. These images are applied to multi-gain raw data to generate multi-gain corrected data. Some embodiments of the invention further include systems and methods of generating and using a multi-gain look-up table configured for generating viewable data from multi-gain corrected data. Some embodiments of the invention further include systems and methods of generating a global gain ratio for converting multi-gain data to non-multi-gain data.

Abstract: An imaging system includes a first image element in a first row, a second image element in the first row, a third image element in a second row, the third image element and the first image element being in a first column, a gate driver, a first electrical line extending from the gate driver, wherein the first and the second image elements are connected to the first electrical line, a second electrical line, wherein the first image element is connected to the second electrical line, and a third electrical line, wherein the third image element is connected to the third electrical line.

Abstract: Data signal amplification and processing circuitry with multiple signal gains for increasing dynamic signal range. An incoming data signal is processed in accordance with multiple signal gains. The resultant signals have multiple signal values which are compared to predetermined lower and higher thresholds.