Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining blockage of a coal gasification slag tap by observing changes in the pressure differential across a diaphragm seal located within an annulus formed by a pressurized vessel and a gasifier contained therewithin.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining blockage of a coal gasification slag tap by observing changes in the pressure differential across a diaphragm seal located within an annulus formed by a pressurized vessel and a gasifier contained therewithin.

Abstract: Container suitable for preheating, retorting and cooling of shale under pressure comprising a vessel (2) and a primary stiffener system comprising side stiffeners (16, 17), a top stiffener (20) and a stiffener connecting system (21), wherein the primary stiffener system (11) prevents excess bending of the walls (3, 4, 7, 8) of the vessel (2), and wherein, when heated, the stiffener connecting system (21) forces the primary stiffener system (11) to give way so as to allow some expansion of the walls of the vessel (2).

Abstract: A moving catalyst bed reactor is disclosed, the reactor being provided with conical catalyst bed support means and independently laterally displaceable screen sections which provide for separation of the catalyst and the effluent.

Abstract: A valve for controlling the flow of fluids containing abrasive particles including thermally-actuated means for ensuring a tight seal between the movable valve element and the valve body in both the open and closed positions. The thermally-actuated means is deactivated when repositioning the movable valve element and reactivated to provide a tight seal when the movable valve element is in position.

Abstract: A valve for controlling the flow of fluids containing abrasive particles including thermally-actuated means for ensuring a tight seal between the movable valve element and the valve body in both the open and closed positions. The thermally-actuated means is deactivated when repositioning the movable valve element and reactivated to provide a tight seal when the movable valve element is in position.

Abstract: A reactor for exothermic reactions provided with bundles of narrow axial cooling pipes, mounted between distributing and collecting drums ("steam headers") provided with tube sheets. The distributing drums are placed symmetrically around the outlet end of a central axial coolant inlet pipe, recovering from top to bottom of the reactor. A feed gas inlet at the bottom branches into feed pipes with a quantity of nozzles, in order to allow the gas to fluidize a mass of catalyst particles.

Abstract: Tube and plate heat exchangers for power recovery (cat.-cracker) purposes are improved by securing the tube plate with a two-parts gland flange, which flange is fastened with a loose bolt and nut connection, the bolts being secured by special split rings.

Abstract: A butterfly valve for use in the control of gaseous fluids which comprises a valve disc having an annular sealing surface near its periphery, a flat annular valve seat provided in a housing accommodating the valve, and an actuating means for opening and closing the valve by bringing the valve disc sealing surface and the valve seat into cooperation, said valve seat containing an elastic sealing means which is adapted to be pressed against the sealing surface of the valve disc to enable a leakage-free closure of the valve.

Abstract: A coal gasification reactor is disclosed which includes a gasification chamber surrounded by a pressure shell, a tubular quench section above the gasification chamber and a superposed waste heat boiler. Heat expansive members are provided in the form of bellow type expansion members between the waste heat boiler and the quench section as well as between the quench section and the gasification chamber to absorb or compensate for relative thermal expansion differences due to the temperature ranges involved in gasification.

Abstract: An improved waste-heat boiler for cooling and recovering heat from the hot gaseous product of a partial combustion process is disclosed. The waste-heat boiler contains gas tubes, the straight parts of which protrude through the separation plate between the cooling chamber and the gas inlet chamber into the gas inlet chamber. The straight parts of the gas tubes are surrounded by cooling jackets, which are connected with the inlet ends of the gas tubes. In the ring-shaped spaces between the straight parts of the gas tubes and the cooling jackets axial tubular conducting bodies are present. The axial tubular conducting bodies are connected with coolant supply lines wherein water is pumped for cooling the gas inlet ends.