Abstract: Systems and methods for identifying alterations in a musculoskeletal system of a subject are disclosed. After detecting physical quantities representative of a state of the subject, a biomechanical model for the subject is identified and combined movements of muscles and bones as a function of said physical quantities and of said biomechanical model are determined. The combined movements are converted into a plurality of movement steps of segments and joints. Parameters representative of the alterations are computed, and the parameters are compared with predefined reference values representative of alteration thresholds in the musculoskeletal system. The alterations are identified as a function of a failed matching between the computed parameters and the predefined reference values, and the belonging of this correspondence to one or more groups of musculoskeletal pathologies as a function of said identified alteration is determined.

Abstract: Two sets of line terminals in a pair of PCM head stations are interconnected by a set of transmission channels via a number of cascaded relay stations each including a line repeater for each channel. A service link extends from an address generator in one head station to a monitoring unit in each relay station, the monitoring unit including a regenerating circuit for throughgoing address codes and further including a discriminating network which, upon detecting an address code identifying that relay station, sends a sinusoidal priming signal to all the associated repeaters. A predetermined PCM test code, e.g. one containing a certain number of consecutive zeroes, is simultaneously transmitted from the same head station over the channel containing a selected repeater to be checked which, upon coincidence of the test code with the priming signal from the associated monitoring unit, closes a loop for feeding back the test code to the originating line terminal.