Abstract: A porous base layer includes a base layer body stacked on a membrane electrode assembly (MEA), and a protrusion pattern provided on one surface of the base layer body that faces the membrane electrode assembly, the protrusion pattern being configured to define a guide flow path for guiding a movement of a target fluid between the membrane electrode assembly and the base layer body, obtaining advantageous effect of improving performance and operational efficiency.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for inspecting and punching a diffusion layer for water electrolysis are provided. The apparatus includes a first inspector that inspects a thickness of a diffusion layer for water electrolysis, a second inspector that inspects porosity of the diffusion layer for water electrolysis, and a cutting machine that inspects pore uniformity of the diffusion layer for water electrolysis and cuts the diffusion layer for water electrolysis based on the result of inspecting at least one of the thickness, the porosity, the pore uniformity, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: A fuel cell includes a cell stack in which multiple unit cells are stacked in a first direction, an enclosure enveloping the cell stack and including at least one opening to open at least one of the two end portions of the cell stack, first and second end plates respectively disposed at the two end portions of the cell stack, a clamping member clamping the unit cells, and a coupling screw coupling the clamping member to a target end plate among the first and second end plates. The target end plate includes a body, including a first internal surface facing the cell stack and an external surface, and a partition wall, spaced from the external surface in the first direction to form a gap. The coupling screw passes through the partition wall and couples the clamping member to the body via the gap.