Abstract: An apparatus including at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code. The at least one memory and the computer program code configured, with the at least one processor, to cause the apparatus at least to receive, from a serving access node, a downlink radio resource control message including reference time information for a clock provided by the serving access node and traceability information for enabling traceability of the clock to a reference time standard. The traceability information includes at least information on a clock class indicative of a current status of the clock provided by the serving access node.

Abstract: An apparatus including at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code. The at least one memory and the computer program code configured, with the at least one processor, to cause the apparatus at least to receive, from a serving access node, a downlink radio resource control message including reference time information for a clock provided by the serving access node and traceability information for enabling traceability of the clock to a reference time standard. The traceability information includes at least information on a clock class indicative of a current status of the clock provided by the serving access node.

Abstract: Techniques for enhancing multimodal service flow communications within communication networks are discussed. In an example embodiment, an apparatus is configured to receive one or more connection messages for one or more user devices. The apparatus is further configured to manage one or more data traffic flows associated with the one or more user devices based at least in part on a received service correlation identifier.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for carrying information elements containing timing information to a remote user equipment via a relay UE. One method may include a relay user equipment receiving a system information block associated with reference time information from a network entity, and determining that a remote user equipment needs the reference time information. The method may further include transmitting the system information block to the remote user equipment according to at least one rule associated with the reference time information.

Abstract: A network node, a core network node and a user equipment are disclosed. The network and the core network node each includes a processor; and a memory storing respective instructions. When executed by the processor, the network node is configured to: determine at least one radio access network timing synchronization status reporting range associated with at least one radio access network timing synchronization status attribute; and transmit, to a second network node, the radio access network timing synchronization status reporting range. The core network node is configured to: determine at least one radio access network timing synchronization status reporting range associated with at least one radio access network timing synchronization status attribute. In addition, the user equipment includes a processor; and a memory storing instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the user equipment to: determine a clock quality acceptance criteria; and transmit the clock quality acceptance criteria.

Abstract: According to an aspect, there is an apparatus comprising at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code. The at least one memory and the computer program code configured, with the at least one processor, to cause the apparatus at least to receive, from a serving access node, a downlink radio resource control message comprising reference time information for a clock provided by the serving access node and traceability information for enabling traceability of the clock to a reference time standard. The traceability information comprises at least information on a clock class indicative of a current status of the clock provided by the serving access node.

Abstract: Certain example embodiments provide systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for an exposure framework for clock resilience. For example, certain embodiments may provide a way for a network and an application function (AF) to configure a cellular system for timing resiliency. Certain embodiments may utilize a cellular system exposure framework to exchange timing resiliency configuration between the cellular system and AFs.

Abstract: Improved techniques of handover include the source gNB estimating the accuracy of the timing information that the UE may derive from its local clock during and shortly after the HO procedure and exchange this with the target gNB. Based on this estimate. the target gNB can determine when a timing information update is needed at the UE.

Abstract: Device-side, translator functions may be authenticated by elements of a 5G core network before communications involving such functions are allowed to occur, or continue to occur.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an apparatus comprising: means for determining (1000) that a second sidelink synchronization reference user equipment extends synchronization coverage of a first sidelink synchronization reference user equipment; means for determining (1002) a first synchronization error between the first sidelink synchronization reference user equipment and the second sidelink synchronization reference user equipment and a second synchronization error between the first sidelink synchronization reference user equipment and the apparatus; and means for determining (1004) whether to operate the apparatus as a sidelink synchronization reference user equipment and extend the synchronization coverage of the first sidelink synchronization reference user equipment based on the first synchronization error and the second synchronization error.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for 5G support for time sensitive communication. One method may include sending a report of user equipment capabilities to a communication network. The method may also include receiving a propagation delay compensation configuration from a network node. The method may further include configuring a communication with the network node based on the propagation delay compensation configuration. Further, the propagation delay compensation configuration may take into consideration at least one of propagation delay compensation information from an application function or the report.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for working clock determination for a mobile user equipment. A method may include receiving time domain information at a session management function during a protocol data unit (PDU) session procedure. The method may also include forwarding the time domain information to a user plane function for the PDU session procedure. The method may further include configuring the user plane function according to the time domain information to enable determination of a correct mapping between the time domain information and a user equipment or a PDU session.

Abstract: According to an aspect, there is provided an apparatus configured to perform the following. The apparatus establishes itself as a timing source terminal device for sidelink communication and estimates a first time uncertainty caused by the apparatus for sidelink communication. Then, the apparatus causes transmission of information on at least one of the first time uncertainty and a combined time uncertainty to one or more target terminal devices. The combined time uncertainty corresponds to a combination of the first time uncertainty and a second time uncertainty. The second time uncertainty corresponds to a time uncertainty of reference time defined in reference time information.

Abstract: According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method comprising: receiving, from a network node, before entering a power saving state, an indication of a dependency between frequencies and time instances; identifying at least one frequency based on the indicated dependency and a moment of time; and selecting a cell utilizing the identified at least one frequency.

Abstract: There is provided an apparatus, said apparatus comprising means for receiving, at a first network function, a request for a time synchronization service for a user equipment, the request comprising one of an indicator of a synchronization level and at least one synchronization parameter, if the at least one synchronization parameter is comprised in the request, determining, based on the at least one synchronization parameter, the indicator of the synchronization level, determining, based on at least one of the indicator of the synchronization level or the at least one synchronization parameter, at least one of synchronization policy and synchronization profile and providing the determined at least one of the indicator of the synchronization level, the synchronization policy and the synchronization profile to at least one of a further network function and the user equipment.

Abstract: Method, apparatuses, and computer program products provide means for monitoring time sources for nodes of a network and providing timing resiliency solutions. An example method includes: establishing time synchronization within a network comprising a plurality of nodes using a time source; receiving an indication regarding at least one of degradation or failure of the time source for at least one node; receiving an indication regarding at least recovery of the time source for the at least one node; and determining, within the network, an action to be taken to upon failure at the at least one node in response to the at least one of the degradation or the failure of the time source for the at least one node, where the action to be taken comprises instructing the at least one node to leverage either hold over functionality or a backup time source.

Abstract: In some example embodiment, there may be provided an apparatus configured to at least receive or generate an indication indicative of two flows including a first flow and a second flow, the two flows carrying data from a first user equipment via a cellular network to a second user equipment. Related system, methods, and articles of manufacture are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and computer program product are provided herein to receive, from a source, performance requirements, and cause transmission, to a network, of a request to influence time sensitive communications (TSC) configuration parameters. For example, a method is provided to in response to the request to influence TSC configuration, receive, from the network, network configuration and radio access network (RAN) resource constraints and determine a quality of service (QoS) and the TSC configuration parameters to support a TSC data stream based on the performance requirements received from the source, the network configuration, and the RAN resource constraints. The method is further configured to cause transmission of the determined QoS and the TSC configuration parameters to the network and the source and in an instance the network accepts the determined QoS and the TSC configuration parameters, configure resources for the TSC data stream and continuously support service continuity.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and computer program product are provided herein to receive, from a source, performance requirements, and cause transmission, to a network, of a request to influence time sensitive communications (TSC) configuration parameters. For example, a method is provided to in response to the request to influence TSC configuration, receive, from the network, network configuration and radio access network (RAN) resource constraints and determine a quality of service (QoS) and the TSC configuration parameters to support a TSC data stream based on the performance requirements received from the source, the network configuration, and the RAN resource constraints. The method is further configured to cause transmission of the determined QoS and the TSC configuration parameters to the network and the source and in an instance the network accepts the determined QoS and the TSC configuration parameters, configure resources for the TSC data stream and continuously support service continuity.

Abstract: Device-side, translator functions may be authenticated by elements of a 5G core network before communications involving such functions are allowed to occur, or continue to occur.