Abstract: The present invention provides a data analytic scheme for screening biomarkers for differential diagnosis of the status of Parkinson's disease, Parkinson's disease with mild cognitive impairment, Parkinson's disease dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and/or multiple system atrophy, the methodology implementing the same and the results of the screening thereof. Biomedical Oriented Logistic Dantzig Selector (BOLD Selector) was developed to identify candidate microRNAs and extracellular vesicle proteins effective at discerning between any two of the above mentioned disease categories from profiling results. The prediction models are finalized by establishing logistic regression formula for each pair of patient group differentiation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a biomarker for the differential diagnosis of patients with Parkinson's disease. By using piRNAs as biomarkers, patients with Parkinson's disease with and without mild cognitive impairment, and Parkinson's disease with dementia can be classified early, thereby meeting the needs of improving treatment efficiency and improving the differential diagnosis of patients with atypical Parkinson's disease in the current medical field. Another aspect of the invention provides a kit of biomarkers, therapeutic targets, and a method of detecting whether an individual has Parkinson's disease.