Abstract: There is provided a method for handling a request to initiate a call. The method is performed by a server entity. In response to receiving a first request for a first client entity to initiate a call to a second client entity without the second client entity rendering a notification of the call, transmission of a first message is initiated towards one or more third client entities to inform the one or more third client entities of the first request. The first client entity is authorised to initiate the call only if a second message, acknowledging the first request, is received from at least one of the one or more third client entities.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein provide methods and apparatuses for performing federated learning, FL.

Abstract: Systems and methods for secure data collection in Fifth Generation System (5GS) are provided. In some embodiments, a Data Collection Coordination Function (DCCF) in a data management framework is adapted to receive, from a first data consumer, a subscription request message, determine a data producer for the particular data, obtain one or more keys for data encryption and/or data integrity for the particular data, controlling one or more entities in a messaging framework of the data management framework, sending a subscription response message to the first data consumer, and sending a subscription request message to the data producer. The subscription request message comprises the one or more keys to be used by the data producer when sending notifications of the particular data to the first data consumer via the messaging framework.

Abstract: Embodiments include methods for a data consumer network function (NF) of a communication network. These methods include sending, to a network repository function (NRF) of the communication network, a request for an access token for the following: a service provided by a 5 data collection coordination function (DCCF) of the communication network, and data to be collected via the DCCF service. These methods include receiving from the NRF at least one access token for the DCCF service and for the data to be collected via the DCCF service and, using the at least one access token, collecting the data from a data producer NF of the communication network via the DCCF service. Other embodiments include complementary methods for DCCFs 0 and NRFs, as well as data consumer NFs, DCCFs, and NRFs configured to perform such methods.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for a data consumer network function, NF, of a communication network to collect data from a data producer NF, the method comprising: ?sending (810), to a network repository function, NRF, in the communication network, a request for an access token for a service provided by a data collection coordination function, DCCF, in the communication network; ?receiving (820), from the NRF, at least one access token for the service provided by the DCCF; and ?using (830) the at least one access token, collecting data from the data producer NF in the communication network via the DCCF service.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein provide methods and apparatuses for performing federated learning, FL.

Abstract: Embodiments include methods for a data consumer network function (NF) of a communication network. These methods include sending, to a network repository function (NRF) of the communication network, a request for an access token for the following: a service provided by a 5 data collection coordination function (DCCF) of the communication network, and data to be collected via the DCCF service. These methods include receiving from the NRF at least one access token for the DCCF service and for the data to be collected via the DCCF service and, using the at least one access token, collecting the data from a data producer NF of the communication network via the DCCF service. Other embodiments include complementary methods for DCCFs 0 and NRFs, as well as data consumer NFs, DCCFs, and NRFs configured to perform such methods.

Abstract: Source code evaluation is provided. The source code includes a plurality of source code elements, and one of the source code elements is selected. A plurality of tokens is generated based on the source code element, and a binary AST representation is generated based on the plurality of tokens. The binary AST representation includes a plurality of binary AST nodes including binary AST token and null nodes. Each of the binary AST token nodes is based on a respective one of the plurality of tokens. Each of the binary AST token and null nodes is encoded into a respective numeric value. A numeric array representation of the source code element is generated based on the binary AST representation. The numeric values are mapped to locations in the numeric array representation based on respective locations of the binary AST token and null nodes in the binary AST representation.

Abstract: A method performed by a first network function is provided. The method comprises receiving a request for Non-Access Stratum (NAS) traffic information. The request was transmitted by a second network function. The method further comprises after receiving the request, sending towards the second network function a report comprising: i) a NAS message type identifier identifying a type of NAS message and information indicating a number of received NAS messages of the identified type and/or ii) user equipment (UE) type information indicating a type of UE and information indicating a number of NAS messages transmitted by UEs of the indicated type.

Abstract: A data collection coordination function, DCCF, network node receives (1a) a request for data from a data consumer, determines (2) a data source for the requested data, verifies (3a, 3b) with a network node that the data consumer and the DCCF are authorized by the data source, receives (3b) a message container for the data consumer from the network node, the message container for the data consumer including a data encryption key KE and a data integrity key Ki, and receives (3b) a message container for the data source from the network node, the message container for the data source including the data encryption key KE and the data integrity key Ki. The DCCF network node transmits (4a) the message container for the data consumer to the data consumer and transmits (5) the message container for the data source to the data source.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for a data consumer network function, NF, of a communication network to collect data from a data producer NF, the method comprising: o sending (810), to a network repository function, NRF, in the communication network, a request for an access token for a service provided by a data collection coordination function, DCCF, in the communication network; o receiving (820), from the NRF, at least one access token for the service provided by the DCCF; and o using (830) the at least one access token, collecting data from the data producer NF in the communication network via the DCCF service.

Abstract: Systems and methods for secure data collection in Fifth Generation System (5GS) are provided. In some embodiments, a Data Collection Coordination Function (DCCF) in a data management framework is adapted to receive, from a first data consumer, a subscription request message, determine a data producer for the particular data, obtain one or more keys for data encryption and/or data integrity for the particular data, controlling one or more entities in a messaging framework of the data management framework, sending a subscription response message to the first data consumer, and sending a subscription request message to the data producer. The subscription request message comprises the one or more keys to be used by the data producer when sending notifications of the particular data to the first data consumer via the messaging framework.

Abstract: There is provided a method for handling a request to initiate a call. The method is performed by a server entity. In response to receiving a first request for a first client entity to initiate a call to a second client entity without the second client entity rendering a notification of the call, transmission of a first message is initiated towards one or more third client entities to inform the one or more third client entities of the first request. The first client entity is authorised to initiate the call only if a second message, acknowledging the first request, is received from at least one of the one or more third client entities.

Abstract: Source code evaluation is provided. The source code includes a plurality of source code elements, and one of the source code elements is selected. A plurality of tokens is generated based on the source code element, and a binary AST representation is generated based on the plurality of tokens. The binary AST representation includes a plurality of binary AST nodes including binary AST token and null nodes. Each of the binary AST token nodes is based on a respective one of the plurality of tokens. Each of the binary AST token and null nodes is encoded into a respective numeric value. A numeric array representation of the source code element is generated based on the binary AST representation. The numeric values are mapped to locations in the numeric array representation based on respective locations of the binary AST token and null nodes in the binary AST representation.