Abstract: Low aberration relay systems modified to perform as spatial filters in rotating compensator ellipsometer, polarimeter and the like systems.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system comprising a stage with “X”, “Y” and “Z” translation and “X”, “Y” and optionally “Z” axes rotation capability, in combination with interrogation and monitoring means which act in functional combination to orient the surface of a sample so as to set an intended oblique approach of an electromagnetic beam with respect to a sample surface at a monitored location thereon.

Abstract: Quasi-achromatic multi-element lens(es) which are precisely mounted with respect to one another in a tubular mounting fixture, and the application thereof in focusing, (and optionally re-colliminating), a spectroscopic electromagnetic beam into a very small, chromatically relatively undispersed, area spot on a material system.

Abstract: Disclosed are system for and method of analyzing a sample at substantially the exact same small spot point on a sample with a plurality of wavelengths.

Abstract: Disclosed are spectroscopic ellipsometer systems which include polarizer and analyzer elements which remain fixed in position during data acquisition, and at least one continuously rotating or step-wise rotatable compensator which transmits an electromagnetic beam therethrough and imposes a continuously variable or plurality of sequentially discrete polarization states on a beam of electromagnetic radiation; and at least one multiple element lens which also transmits the electromagnetic beam therethrough.

Abstract: A spectroscopic ellipsometer or polarimeter system having a source of a polychromatic beam of electromagnetic radiation, a polarizer, a stage for supporting a material system, an analyzer, a dispersive optics and a detector system which comprises a multiplicity of detector elements, there being apertures before the stage for supporting a material system, and thereafter, the system being present in an environmental control chamber.

Abstract: Low aberration relay systems modified to perform as spatial filters in reflectometer, spectrophotometer, ellipsometer, polarimeter and the like systems.

Abstract: Low aberration relay systems modified to perform as spatial filters in rotating compensator ellipsometer, polarimeter and the like systems.

Abstract: A signal reconstructing section (50), a receiver having the signal reconstructing section (50), a communication system having the receiver, and a method for reducing noise in a transformed signal having a plurality of signal components and using the signal reconstructing section (50) are described. The signal reconstructing section (50) of the receiver has a detector (52) for detecting the transformed signal, decision modules (54) each having an input (58) coupled to output (60) of the detector, and a reconstructing module (56) having inputs (62) respectively coupled to output (64) of the decision modules (54). The reconstructing module (56) is adapted to reconstruct one or more subcarriers of the plurality of subcarriers a predetermined number of times to thereby form a noise-reduced transformed signal. Reconstruction of the one or more subcarriers is performed one at a time or two or more simultaneously.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system and method of aligning, preferably by an automated procedure, a beam of electromagnetic radiation provided by a source thereof so that it approaches a sample at a specific location upon its surface, at a known angle, then reflects therefrom and enters a data detector.

Abstract: A new method of manufacturing nanoscale single- and multi-component metal oxide particles is described. In a first step of the method, a first solution that includes one or more metal salts, an acid, and a solvent is formed; in a second step, a second solution that includes an organic polymer, a base, and water is formed; in a third step, the first solution is combined with the second solution to form a combined solution, and a precipitation reaction occurs such that metal hydroxide particles precipitate out of the combined solution; in a fourth step, the metal hydroxide particles are collected, rinsed, and dried; and finally, in a fifth step, the metal hydroxide particles are heated, thereby forming nanoscale metal oxide particles of less than about 100 nm in size. Exemplary nanoscale particles that may be produced using this method include indium tin-oxide (ITO) and antimony doped-tin oxide (ATO).

Abstract: This invention relates to methods and compositions for the diagnosis of neuroendocrine lung cancers. In particular, the invention concerns the use of cDNA microarrays to facilitate the differential diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumor types.

Abstract: A spectroscopic ellipsometer system comprising a plurality of individual sources which are sequentially energized to provide a sequence of beams, each of different polarization state but directed along a common locus toward a sample. The prefered spectroscopic ellipsometer system has no parts which move during data collection, and it provides a progressive plurality of sequentially discrete, rather than continuously varying, polarization states.

Abstract: Disclosed are system for and method of analyzing the substantially the exact same point on a sample system with at least two wavelengths, or at least two ranges of wavelengths for which the focal lengths do not vary more than within an acceptable amount.

Abstract: A direct current (DC) offset estimation, frequency offset estimation, and compensation system (200), receives data packet (204) with preamble (206). A DC offset estimator (210) and a frequency offset estimator (212) operate concurrently to produce estimates of DC and frequency offsets of the data packet (204), which are determined from a portion of the preamble (206) as it is received. As the data packet (204) is received, a compensator (214) receives the estimates of DC and frequency offsets and compensates the remaining portion of the data packet (204) to produce a DC and frequency compensated data packet (218). Concurrent operation of the DC estimator (210) and the frequency offset estimator (212) advantageously allows more time to produce the estimates of DC and frequency offsets.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition containing a benzimidazole derivative proton pump inhibitor and a polymeric base. The polymeric base is cholestyramine-OH, Eudragit E-PO, chitosan, or a mixture thereof. The composition stabilizes the benzimidazole derivative proton pump inhibitor in a humid environment so that degradation during storage.

Abstract: Disclosed are improvements in ellipsometer and the like systems capable of operating in the Vacuum-Ultra-Violet (VUV) to Near Infrared (NIR) wavelength range, and methodology of use.

Abstract: Corrosion at the cathode catalyst may be a serious problem compromising fuel cell lifetimes. However in providing for increased corrosion resistance, an expected trade-off may occur regarding fuel cell performance. TKK (Tanaka Kikenzoku Kogyo) has solved this problem by providing both increased corrosion resistance with no concomitant loss in performance with their catalysts TEC50EA10 and TEC50BA10. An alternative to the TKK catalysts is to use an admixture of platinum black and supported catalyst and in particular, an admixture comprising 30-40% by weight platinum black and 60-70% by weight supported catalyst.

Abstract: Disclosed is the application of a functional equivalent to a spatial filter in ellipsometer and the like systems. Included are demonstrated multi-element converging lens systems which focus an electromagnetic beam onto a fiber optic. The purpose is to eliminate a radially outer annulus of a generally arbitrary intensity profile, so that electromagnetic beam intensity is caused to quickly decay to zero, rather than, for instance, demonstrate an irregular profile as a function of radius.

Abstract: Disclosed is the application of spatial filters and beam energy homogenizing systems in ellipsometer and the like systems prior to a sample system. The purpose is to eliminate a radially outer annulus of a generally arbitrary intensity profile, so that electromagnetic beam intensity is caused to quickly decay to zero, rather than, for instance, demonstrate an irregular profile as a function of radius.