Abstract: Systems and methods for cardiac fast firing (e.g., atrial fast firing) detection perform frequency analysis on channels of collected cardiac waveform data and test the data for outlier frequency complex content that is of higher frequency than baseline frequency complex content associated with cardiac fibrillation (e.g., atrial fibrillation) or other arrhythmogenic activity. Anatomical regions from whence the cardiac fast firing originates can be displayed in real time on an epicardial surface map via a graphical display, aiding administration of therapy. Prior to such detection, QRST complex removal can be performed to ensure that ventricular activity does not infect the atrial fast firing analysis. A frequency-based method for QRST complex removal is also disclosed.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to integrated channel integrity detection and to reconstruction of electrophysiological signals. An example system includes a plurality of input channels configured to receive respective electrical signals from a set of electrodes. An amplifier stage includes a plurality of differential amplifiers, each of the differential amplifiers being configured to provide an amplifier output signal based on a difference between a respective pair of the electrical signals. Channel detection logic is configured to provide channel data indicating an acceptability of each of the plurality of input channels based on an analysis of a common mode rejection of the amplifier output signals.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to localization and tracking of an object. As one example, measurement data can be stored in memory to represent measured electrical signals at each of a plurality of known measurement locations in a given coordinate system in response to an applied signal at an unknown location in the given coordinate system. A dipole model cost function has parameters representing a dipole location and moment corresponding to the applied signal. A boundary condition can be imposed on the dipole model cost function. The unknown location in the given coordinate system, corresponding to the dipole location, can then be determined based on the stored measurement data and the dipole model cost function with the boundary condition imposed thereon.

Abstract: An example method includes performing amplitude-based detection to determine location of R-peaks for a plurality of electrograms. The method also includes performing wavelet-based detection to determine location of R-peaks for the plurality of electrograms. The method also includes adjusting the location of the R-peaks determined by the wavelet-based detection of R-peaks based on the location of R-peaks determined by the amplitude-based detection of R-peaks. The method also includes storing, in memory, R-peak location data to specify R-peak locations for the plurality of electrograms based on the adjusting.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to localization and tracking of an object. As one example, measurement data can be stored in memory to represent measured electrical signals at each of a plurality of known measurement locations in a given coordinate system in response to an applied signal at an unknown location in the given coordinate system. A dipole model cost function has parameters representing a dipole location and moment corresponding to the applied signal. A boundary condition can be imposed on the dipole model cost function. The unknown location in the given coordinate system, corresponding to the dipole location, can then be determined based on the stored measurement data and the dipole model cost function with the boundary condition imposed thereon.

Abstract: A non-transitory computer-readable medium can have instructions executable by a processor. The instructions can include an electrogram reconstruction method to generate reconstructed electrogram signals for each of a multitude of points residing on or near a predetermined cardiac envelope based on geometry data and non-invasively measured body surface electrical signals. The instructions can include a phase calculator to compute phase signals for the multitude of points based on the reconstructed electrogram signals and a visualization engine to generate an output based on the computed phase signals.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided to detect and analyze arrhythmia drivers. In one example, a system can include a wave front analyzer programmed to compute wave front lines extending over a surface for each of the plurality of time samples based on phase information computed from electrical data at nodes distributed across the surface. A trajectory detector can be programmed to compute wave break points for each of the wave front lines and to determine a trajectory of at least one rotor core across the surface. A stability detector can be programmed to identify at least one stable rotor portion corresponding to subtrajectories of the determined trajectory.

Abstract: One or more non-transitory computer-readable media have instructions executable by a processor and programmed to perform a method. The method includes analyzing the electrical data to locate one or more wave front lines over a given time interval. The electrical data represents electrophysiological signals distributed across a cardiac envelope for one or more time intervals. A respective trajectory is determined for each wave end of each wave front line that is located across the cardiac envelope over the given time interval. A set of connected trajectories are identified based on a duration that the trajectories are connected to each other by a respective wave front line during the given time interval. A connectivity association is characterized for the trajectories in the set of connected trajectories.

Abstract: A method can include analyzing non-invasive electrical data for a region of interest (ROI) of a patient's anatomical structure to identify one or more zones within the ROI that contain at least one mechanism of distinct arrhythmogenic electrical activity. The method also includes analyzing invasive electrical data for a plurality of signals of interest at different spatial sites within each of the identified zones to determine intracardiac signal characteristics for the plurality of sites within each respective zone. The method also includes generating an output that integrates the at least one mechanism of distinct arrhythmogenic electrical activity for the one or more zones with intracardiac signal characteristics for the plurality of sites within each respective zone.

Abstract: A method can include storing input electrical signal data representing at least a given electrophysiological signal acquired from a patient. A non-local mean filter can be applied to the given electrophysiological signal, the non-local mean filter including a spatial filter component and an intensity filter component. The method can also include controlling parameters to establish weighting of each of the spatial filter component and the intensity filter component in response to a control input. Filtered signal data can be stored based on the applying and the controlling.

Abstract: A method to calculate and visualize dynamic wave front propagation of electrical signals on a geometric surface is described. Wave front locations are identified on the geometric surface between each identified pair of adjacent nodes on the geometric surface. A graphical map can be generated to represent the identified wave front locations on at least a portion of the geometric surface.

Abstract: A method includes storing baseline data representing at least one local or global electrical characteristics for at least a portion of a region of interest (ROI) of a patient's anatomical structure. The baseline data is determined based on electrical measurement data obtained during at least one first measurement interval. The method also includes storing in memory other data representing the at least one local or global electrical characteristics for the at least a portion of the ROI based on electrical measurement data obtained during at least one subsequent measurement interval. The method also includes evaluating the baseline data relative to the other data to determine a change in the at least one local or global electrical characteristics. The method also includes generating an output based on the evaluating to provide an indication of progress or success associated with the applying the treatment.

Abstract: A system includes an input to receive at least one electrophysiological signal representing cardiac electrical activity measured from a body surface of a patient. The system also includes a signal processor to analyze the at least one electrophysiological signal and compute a score having a value to indicate a likelihood of arrhythmogenic activity, the score being computed as a function of at least two of cycle length, amplitude and polarity of the at least one signal.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method can include determining an amplitude for each of a plurality of input channels, corresponding to respective nodes. A measure of similarity can be computed between the input channel of each node and the input channel of its neighboring nodes. The method can also include comparing an amplitude for each node relative to other nodes to determine temporary bad channels. For each of the temporary bad channels, a measure of similarity can be computed between the input channel of each node and the input channel of its neighboring nodes. Channel integrity can then be identified based on the computed measures of similarity.

Abstract: A method can include storing input electrical signal data representing at least a given electrophysiological signal acquired from a patient. A non-local mean filter can be applied to the given electrophysiological signal, the non-local mean filter including a spatial filter component and an intensity filter component. The method can also include controlling parameters to establish weighting of each of the spatial filter component and the intensity filter component in response to a control input. Filtered signal data can be stored based on the applying and the controlling.

Abstract: A method may include storing electrical measurement data and geometry. One or more boundary conditions can be determined based on supplemental information associated with at least one selected location associated an anatomic envelope within a patient's body. Reconstructed electrical activity can be computed for a plurality of locations residing on the anatomic envelope within the patient's body based on the electrical data and the geometry data, the least one boundary condition being imposed to improve the computing.

Abstract: Systems and methods can be used to provide an indication of heart function, such as an indication of mechanical function or hemodynamics of the heart, based on electrical data. For example, a method for assessing a function of the heart can include determining a time-based electrical characteristic for a plurality of points distributed across a spatial region of the heart. The plurality of points can be grouped into at least two subsets of points based on at least one of a spatial location for the plurality of points or the time-based electrical characteristics for the plurality of points. An indication of synchrony for the heart can be quantified based on relative analysis of the determined time-based electrical characteristic for each of the at least two subsets of points.

Abstract: A method can include analyzing non-invasive electrical data for a region of interest (ROI) of a patient's anatomical structure to identify one or more zones within the ROI that contain at least one mechanism of distinct arrhythmogenic electrical activity. The method also includes analyzing invasive electrical data for a plurality of signals of interest at different spatial sites within each of the identified zones to determine intracardiac signal characteristics for the plurality of sites within each respective zone. The method also includes generating an output that integrates the at least one mechanism of distinct arrhythmogenic electrical activity for the one or more zones with intracardiac signal characteristics for the plurality of sites within each respective zone.

Abstract: A method can determine one or more origins of focal activation. The method can include computing phase for the electrical signals at a plurality of nodes distributed across a geometric surface based on the electrical data across time. The method can determine whether or not a given candidate node of the plurality of nodes is a focal point based on the analyzing the computed phase and magnitude of the given candidate node. A graphical map can be generated to visualize focal points detected on the geometric surface.

Abstract: A pump comprises a housing (141) having a cavity (142) with an inlet valve (143), an apparatus (144) for raising fluid pressure in the cavity (142) and a discharge valve (145), the discharge valve (145) comprises a valve head (160) movable between an open and closed position and a valve seat (167), wherein the pump further comprises a booster piston (182) arranged in a booster cylinder (183), the booster piston (182) has a first face (191) exposed to a low pressure zone (189) and a second face (194) exposed to fluid pressure in the cavity (142), and at least one of the booster piston (182) and the booster cylinder (183) is movable relative to the other to add an opening force to the discharge valve. The pump is preferably a mud pump for circulating drilling mud through a drill string in a wellbore or a cement pump which may be of the type for pumping cement into a wellbore.