Abstract: A semiconductor layout testing and correction system is disclosed. The system combines both rule-based optical proximity correction and model-based optical proximity correction in order to test and correct semiconductor layouts. In a first embodiment, a semiconductor layout is first processed by a rule-based optical proximity correction system and then subsequently processed by a model-based optical proximity correction system. In another embodiment, the system first processes a semiconductor layout with a rule-based optical proximity correction system and then selectively processes difficult features using a model-based optical proximity correction system. In yet another embodiment, the system selectively processes the various features of a semiconductor layout using a rule-based optical proximity correction system or a model-based optical proximity correction system.

Abstract: Roofing membranes are provided with both high stiffness at high temperature (greater than 110 ° C.) and good flexibility at low temperature (less than −20 ° C.). Bituminous compositions may be more effectively used in such membranes at lower elastomer concentration than currently practiced, using conventional cross-linking reagents to prepare the modified bituminous compositions with a range of viscosities that are readily processed as compared with conventional non-cross-linked systems.

Abstract: A semiconductor layout testing and correction system is disclosed. The system combines both rule-based optical proximity correction and model-based optical proximity correction in order to test and correct semiconductor layouts. In a first embodiment, a semiconductor layout is first processed by a rule-based optical proximity correction system and then subsequently processed by a model-based optical proximity correction system. In another embodiment, the system first processes a semiconductor layout with a rule-based optical proximity correction system and then selectively processes difficult features using a model-based optical proximity correction system. In yet another embodiment, the system selectively processes the various features of a semiconductor layout using a rule-based optical proximity correction system or a model-based optical proximity correction system.

Abstract: A 9V rechargeable battery comprising a plurality of column cells connected in series and enclosed by a container and a cover with a negative terminal and a positive terminal. Said container (1) further comprises a pair of lateral sidewalls formed with openings and another pair of lateral sidewalls formed with recesses so as to receive said cells snugly.

Abstract: Methods and corresponding apparatus to recover data from a signal comprising groups of pulses generated in response to analog waveforms are described. Data recovery in accordance with the invention is based on parameters characterizing the groups of pulses. These parameters are the basis for mapping the groups of pulses to information symbols which collectively constitute the data to be recovered.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a method for the detection and segmentation of bright images within a digital image using wavelets. One example of such a bright image is microcalcifications within a mammogram. Multiresolution analysis may be used to detect and segment the possible microcalcification areas by combining Bayes classifiers. By analyzing the time-frequency characteristics of clustered microcalcifications, the inventors first choose the optimized wavelet for the detection of microcalcifications. A wavelet packet analysis is then used to detect different size microcalcifications. An adaptive method of choosing the threshold for detection by using a one-dimensional wavelet transform to analyze the PDF of the images at different scales is used. Then, a scheme to detect different size microcalcifications in different scale wavelet packet transformed images is developed.

Abstract: Calculation for determining the optimal nozzle diameter and nozzle immediately upstream pressure for minimizing the compressed air consumption flow rate is facilitated. The nozzle diameter, work distance, and nozzle immediately upstream pressure or blow impact pressure in the present state are inputted as present state values. The compressed air consumption flow rate and the blow impact pressure or the nozzle immediately upstream pressure are computed from the present state values. An improvement value of the nozzle diameter or the nozzle immediately upstream pressure is inputted on the basis of a judgment on the computation results. The compressed air consumption flow rate and the nozzle immediately upstream pressure or the nozzle diameter are computed from the improvement value a necessary number of times. Thus, a nozzle diameter and a nozzle immediately upstream pressure that provide the lowest compressed air consumption flow rate are selected.

Abstract: A method of selecting pneumatic devices that satisfy specified load, speed and strength conditions to construct a pneumatic system. Data concerning pneumatic actuators, solenoid-controlled selector valves, drive controllers, pipes, pipe joints and exhaust treatment devices is stored in a pneumatic actuator database, a solenoid-controlled selector valve database, a drive controller database, a pipe database, a pipe joint database and an exhaust treatment device database, respectively, for each item number, and conditions required for pneumatic devices constituting a system are calculated. Then, pneumatic devices conforming to the calculated conditions are selected from the respective databases. At the first step, a pneumatic actuator satisfying a load condition, a strength condition and a speed condition is selected from the pneumatic actuator database on the basis of a calculation according to a basic equation.

Abstract: An anti-tumor composition containing cytotrienin (I), (II), (III) or (IV) as the active ingredient, which compounds are produced by culturing a bacterium which produces cytotrienin (I), (II), (III) or (IV), in a medium and accumulating cytotrienin (I), (II), (III) or (IV) in the medium and harvesting the product.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for iterative decoding of a coded information signal that allows quality of service, QoS, parameters to be dynamically balanced in a telecommunications system. In an embodiment, an iterative decoder performs decoding on a coded information signal based on minimum and maximum values for the number of decoding iterations to be performed for a particular data transmission. The minimum and maximum values for the number of decoding iterations are determined according to QoS requirements that are given in terms of BER and Tdelay.

Abstract: An optical switching network has: N input couplers each having a cell input port and a recursive input port, N output couplers each having a cell output port and a recursive output port, N/2 switch couplers connected between the input couplers and the output couplers, and a controller having a routing table, for generating control signals for the respective input, output, and switch couplers upon input of cells. The optical switching network has a single-stage optical recursive loop in which an x-numbered recursive output port is connected to a 2x-numbered recursive input port if 0≦x<N/2, and the x-numbered recursive output port is connected to a (2x−N+1)-numbered recursive input port if N/2≦x<N.

Abstract: Compositions of triazoles, such as benzotriazole or tolyltriazole, in silica reinforced rubber compositions for tire components and tires made of such compounds are provided exhibiting high cure rate, cure efficiency, hardness, static and dynamic moduli without deleteriously effecting hysteresis. Methods for optimizing silica reinforced tire properties utilizing triazoles, brass powder and carbon black are also provided. Typical tire compositions employ from about 2 to about 35 parts triazoles, and preferably from about 2 to about 6 parts triazoles, per hundred parts of rubber. In some compositions, brass powder and conductive carbon black are used in combination with the triazole in the rubber composition.

Abstract: Laser comprising a first lasing microdisk, microcylinder or microannulus defining a microcavity having a circular cross-sectional periphery and a second waveguiding micromember spaced from the first lasing micromember in a different plane and optically coupled by resonant photon tunneling. The second waveguiding micromember includes a light output coupling for providing light output from the laser without adversely affecting the Q value and low lasing threshold of the microcavity.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for processing a first electrical signal having a frequency interval I containing information, and increasing the signal-to-noise ratio thereof utilizes a mixer for shifting the frequencies of the first signal in the interval I to an interval I.sub.s. A plurality of filters, coupled in parallel, to the mixer pass, respectively, only frequencies in subintervals of I.sub.s, which are mutually disjoint. A second embodiment utilizes a plurality of mixers which shift, respectively, mutually disjoint subintervals of I such that their left end points are substantially equal. A plurality of filters, coupled, respectively, to the mixers, pass, respectively, only those frequencies in the shifted subintervals. Preferably, the frequency intervals passed by the filters in both embodiments are equal in bandwidth, and have no gaps therebetween.