Abstract: Structures for a single-photon avalanche diode and methods of forming a structure for a single-photon avalanche diode. The structure comprises a semiconductor layer on a semiconductor substrate, a cathode comprising a first doped region in the semiconductor substrate, and an anode comprising a second doped region adjacent to a top surface of the semiconductor layer. The structure further comprises a first trench isolation structure including a first conductor layer extending from the top surface of the semiconductor layer through the semiconductor layer to the first doped region. The first conductor layer of the first trench isolation structure is connected to the first doped region. The structure further comprises a second trench isolation structure adjacent to the first trench isolation structure. The second trench isolation structure includes a second conductor layer extending from the top surface of the semiconductor layer fully through the first doped region.

Abstract: Structures for a single-photon avalanche diode and methods of forming a structure for a single-photon avalanche diode. The structure comprises a semiconductor layer on a top surface of a semiconductor substrate, a light-absorbing layer on a first portion of the semiconductor layer, a dielectric layer on a second portion of the semiconductor layer, and a doped region in the semiconductor substrate adjacent to the semiconductor layer. The structure further comprises a deep trench isolation structure that penetrates through the dielectric layer and the second portion of the semiconductor layer to the doped region. The deep trench isolation structure includes a conductor layer and a dielectric liner, the dielectric liner includes a portion between the conductor layer and the semiconductor layer, and the conductor layer is connected to the first doped region.

Abstract: A metal-seawater flow battery includes an anode disposed in a non-aqueous electrolyte and a cathode spaced apart from the anode. A metal-ion conductive membrane separates the anode from the cathode. The anode includes active metal. The cathode is configured to receive a flow of seawater therethrough. The cathode may be porous. For example, the cathode may include porous carbon (for example, carbon foam, carbon nanotubes, activated carbon, carbon black, or other forms of porous carbon, or combinations of different forms of porous carbon).

Abstract: Structures for a photodetector and methods of forming a structure for a photodetector. The structure includes a semiconductor layer having a p-n junction and a deep trench isolation region extending through the semiconductor layer. The deep trench isolation region includes first layers and second layers that alternate with the first layers to define a Bragg mirror. The first layers contain a first material having a first refractive index, and the second layers contain a second material having a second refractive index that is greater than the first refractive index.

Abstract: A photodiode device includes a layer of semiconductor material, a plurality of pixels, each of the pixels including a diode structure on a first side of the layer of semiconductor material and a conductive layer on a second side of the layer of semiconductor material, deep trench isolation (DTI) structures isolating adjacent pixels from one another, a first vertical conductive layer over a first side of each DTI structure, and a second vertical conductive layer over a second side of each DTI structure. The first vertical conductive layer extends from the conductive layer to a first contact on the first side of each DTI structure, and the second vertical conductive layer extends from the conductive layer to a second contact on the second side of each DTI structure.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to semiconductor devices for use in optoelectronic/photonic applications and integrated circuit (IC) chips. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to devices containing photodiodes such as avalanche photodiodes (APDs) and single photon avalanche diodes (SPADs). The present disclosure may provide a device including a substrate, a first well of a first conductivity type in the substrate, a second well of a second conductivity type in the substrate, and a buried layer of the second conductivity type in the substrate. The buried layer may be below the first well and the second well. The buried layer may have a first section and a second section, in which the first section has a larger thickness than the second section.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides use of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) as a feed additive in controlling porcine infectious diarrhea, and belongs to the technical field of feed nutrition. The LPA is a type of lipid substance that is produced endogenously in vivo and can reduce a large secretion level of intestinal fluid in piglets caused by Escherichia coli infection via inhibiting cystic fibrosis transmembrane-conductance regulator (CFTR)-dependent iodine efflux. In this way, a susceptibility of weaned piglets to the Escherichia coli is prevented to effectively maintain the intestinal health of piglets. LPA is an endogenous substance in vivo, and it is first discovered that adding the LPA into a feed can control Escherichia coli-caused infectious diarrhea in the piglets.

Abstract: Structures for a single-photon avalanche diode and methods of forming a structure for a single-photon avalanche diode. The structure includes a semiconductor layer having a first well and a second well defining a p-n junction with the first well, and an interlayer dielectric layer on the semiconductor layer. A deep trench isolation region includes a conductor layer and a dielectric liner. The conductor layer penetrates through the semiconductor layer and the interlayer dielectric layer. The conductor layer has a first end, a second end, and a sidewall that connects the first end to the second end. The dielectric liner is arranged to surround the sidewall of the conductor layer. A metal feature is connected to the first end of the conductor layer.

Abstract: Provided are a method for preparing starch using carbon dioxide, a recombinant microorganism, a method for constructing the recombinant microorganism, and a reagent. The method for preparing starch using carbon dioxide comprises: (1) providing energy and carbon sources for microbial cells on the basis of carbon dioxide and extracellular non-optical energy; and (2) generating starch within the microbial cells on the basis of at least one of up-regulated glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase and starch synthase in the microbial cells. In this way, by utilizing non-optical energy, such as electric energy or hydrogen energy, starch can be effectively prepared inside the microbial cells by fixing carbon dioxide.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to semiconductor structures and, more particularly, to temperature sensors with programmable magnetic tunnel junction structures and methods of manufacture. A structure includes a resistor material connected in series with a programmable magnetic tunnel junction structure in a Wheatstone bridge configuration.

Abstract: A photodiode device includes a semiconductor substrate, a plurality of pixels, each of the pixels including a diode structure on a first side of the substrate and a conductive layer on a second side of the substrate, and DTI structures isolating adjacent pixels from one another, the DTI structures including a conductive material that electrically couples the conductive layer on the second side of the substrate and a metal line on the first side of the substrate. The conductive material in the DTI structures is part of an electrode circuit for the pixels.

Abstract: A folding pushcart, comprising a foldable cart body frame and a storage bag. The two sides of the body frame are hinged by two groups of first slanting rods and second slanting rods intersecting in the middle. The first diagonal rods in the corresponding groups on both sides are bent from a rod, and the bent bottom rod section faces the front and rear ends. The bottom rod section is used to support and tighten the bottom of the storage bag. The front and rear facades and the middle of the cart body frame are hinged by three U-shaped columns, and support the upper edge of the storage bag, forming a whole structure that can be folded and unfolded.

Abstract: A method of making a catalyst layer of a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) for a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell includes the step of preparing a porous buckypaper layer comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of carbon nanofibers and carbon nanotubes. Platinum group metal nanoparticles are deposited in a liquid solution on an outer surface of the buckypaper to create a platinum group metal nanoparticle buckypaper. A proton conducting electrolyte is deposited on the platinum group metal nanoparticles by electrophoretic deposition to create a proton-conducting layer on the an outer surface of the platinum nanoparticles. An additional proton-conducting layer is deposited by contacting the platinum group metal nanoparticle buckypaper with a liquid proton-conducting composition in a solvent. The platinum group metal nanoparticle buckypaper is dried to remove the solvent. A membrane electrode assembly for a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell is also disclosed.

Abstract: An injection molding apparatus for generally toroidal or donut-shaped articles having a hollow interior includes a hollow-interior forming member that is positioned within the mold cavity during injection to form the hollow interior of the article, and that is moved away from the mold cavity to allow removal of the molded article when the injection molding apparatus is opened following molding. The hollow-interior forming member includes an open section or gap that is closed by a gap-filling member when the injection molding apparatus is closed. When the injection molding apparatus is opened following molding, the gap-filling member vacates the open section or gap to enable the molded article to be manually separated from the annular member.

Abstract: The present invention provides a blockchain-based method and system for processing a traffic violation event. The method includes: obtaining traffic violation reporting information provided by a first vehicle node stored in a blockchain; obtaining an associated evidence data identifier in the traffic violation reporting information; obtaining, according to the evidence data identifier, evidence data provided by a second vehicle node stored in the blockchain; and determining, according to the traffic violation reporting information and the associated evidence data, whether the traffic violation reporting information is valid. In the present invention, each vehicle node in the blockchain automatically collects data of a traffic violation event, so that credible traffic violation determining is completed based on an intelligent contract, and credibility and tamper resistance of traffic violation determining is improved based on recording information of a plurality of associated blockchain nodes.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to semiconductor devices for use in optoelectronic/photonic applications and integrated circuit (IC) chips. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to photodiodes such as avalanche photodiodes (APDs) and single photon avalanche diodes (SPADs).

Abstract: A polynucleotide having promoter activity of a malate dehydrogenase gene (mdh gene), a transcription expression cassette, recombinant expression vector and recombinant host cell containing the polynucleotide having the promoter activity, a method for constructing a promoter mutant, a method for regulating the transcription of a target gene, a method for preparing a protein, and method for producing a target compound. The polynucleotide having the promoter activity is a mutant of an mdh gene promoter, and compared with a promoter of a wild-type mdh gene, the promoter activity of the mutant is significantly improved. After operably linking the mutant to a target gene, the expression efficiency of the target gene can be significantly improved, thereby effectively improving the yield and transformation rate of a target compound.

Abstract: A pushcart consisting of a folded and unfolded body frame and a storage bag enveloped on the body frame, whereas the body frame, including rigid left frame and right frame, and hinges that link left and right frames, front and rear ends, which form the whole body with left and right frames that can collide and be folded and unfolded, and the upper mouth and bottom of the bag can be opened by unfolded left and right frames.

Abstract: A protein having an L-proline efflux function and the use thereof are provided. A method for producing L-proline or hydroxyproline by means of using a protein ThrE is used for producing L-proline by means of enhancing the activity of a polypeptide, having an L-proline efflux function, in an L-proline-producing strain. Alternatively, the method is used for producing hydroxyproline by means of weakening the activity of a polypeptide, having an L-proline efflux function, in L-proline-producing host cells and enhancing the activity of a proline hydroxylase.

Abstract: A hybrid lithium-ion battery-capacitor (H-LIBC) energy storage device includes a hybrid composite cathode electrode having a lithium ion battery (LIB) cathode active material and a lithium ion capacitor (LIC) cathode active material. An anode electrode having a surface is pre-loaded and pressed with a lithium (Li) thin film source. The anode electrode is pre-lithiated with the lithium film source by positioning the Li film source on the surface of anode electrode after electrolyte filling and soaking processes, a separator and an organic solvent electrolytic solution including a lithium salt electrolyte are also provided. A method of making a hybrid lithium-ion battery-capacitor and a method of making a hybrid composite cathode for a hybrid lithium-ion battery-capacitor are also disclosed.