Abstract: A laminated glass article includes at least a first layer, a second layer in direct contact with the first layer, and an optical property difference between the first layer and the second layer. The optical property difference includes at least one of: (a) a transmission profile difference between a transmission profile of the first and second layers in a wavelength range from 200 nm to 2500 nm; or (b) a light-polarizing difference, whereby the second layer is light-polarizing with respect to electromagnetic irradiation in the wavelength range from 200 nm to 2500 nm; or (c) a refractive index difference between refractive indices of the first and second layers of at least 0.005, wherein one layer includes a base glass composition and the other layer includes the base glass composition and a dopant in an amount sufficient to cause the refractive index difference.

Abstract: A laminated glass article includes at least a first layer, a second layer in direct contact with the first layer, and an optical property difference between the first layer and the second layer. The optical property difference includes at least one of: (a) a transmission profile difference between a transmission profile of the first and second layers in a wavelength range from 200 nm to 2500 nm; or (b) a light-polarizing difference, whereby the second layer is light-polarizing with respect to electromagnetic irradiation in the wavelength range from 200 nm to 2500 nm; or (c) a refractive index difference between refractive indices of the first and second layers of at least 0.005, wherein one layer includes a base glass composition and the other layer includes the base glass composition and a dopant in an amount sufficient to cause the refractive index difference.

Abstract: A laminated glass article includes at least a first layer, a second layer in direct contact with the first layer, and an optical property difference between the first layer and the second layer. The optical property difference includes at least one of: (a) a transmission profile difference between a transmission profile of the first and second layers in a wavelength range from 200 nm to 2500 nm; or (b) a light-polarizing difference, whereby the second layer is light-polarizing with respect to electromagnetic irradiation in the wavelength range from 200 nm to 2500 nm; or (c) a refractive index difference between refractive indices of the first and second layers of at least 0.005, wherein one layer includes a base glass composition and the other layer includes the base glass composition and a dopant in an amount sufficient to cause the refractive index difference.

Abstract: A glass fusion draw apparatus for molten glass stream thermal profile control, including: a first enclosure; and a first isopipe situated within the first enclosure, the first enclosure can include at least one first heating element assembly integral with the wall of the first enclosure, and the at least one first heating element is in proximity to a portion of molten glass stream over-flowing the first isopipe within the enclosure. The apparatus can also include a proximity or temperature sensing system associated with the first enclosure that senses and controls the thermal gradient properties of the molten glass stream or streams in the first enclosure. Also disclosed are methods of making and using the fusion apparatus.

Abstract: A laminated glass article includes at least a first layer, a second layer in direct contact with the first layer, and an optical property difference between the first layer and the second layer. The optical property difference includes at least one of: (a) a transmission profile difference between a transmission profile of the first and second layers in a wavelength range from 200 nm to 2500 nm; or (b) a light-polarizing difference, whereby the second layer is light-polarizing with respect to electromagnetic irradiation in the wavelength range from 200 nm to 2500 nm; or (c) a refractive index difference between refractive indices of the first and second layers of at least 0.005, wherein one layer includes a base glass composition and the other layer includes the base glass composition and a dopant in an amount sufficient to cause the refractive index difference.

Abstract: A glass melting furnace is operated under a set of control parameters. A glass batch is fed into the glass melting furnace and melted into molten glass. During the melting, a surface layer comprising a portion of the glass batch and foam forms over the molten glass. A plurality of thermograms of the interior of the glass melting furnace is obtained. The thermograms are analyzed to determine whether there is instability in the thermodynamics of the surface layer. The set of control parameters are then adjusted to reduce a determined instability in the thermodynamics of the surface layer.

Abstract: A glass fusion draw apparatus for molten glass stream thermal profile control, including: a first enclosure; and a first isopipe situated within the first enclosure, the first enclosure can include at least one first heating element assembly integral with the wall of the first enclosure, and the at least one first heating element is in proximity to a portion of molten glass stream over-flowing the first isopipe within the enclosure. The apparatus can also include a proximity or temperature sensing system associated with the first enclosure that senses and controls the thermal gradient properties of the molten glass stream or streams in the first enclosure. Also disclosed are methods of making and using the fusion apparatus.

Abstract: A glass melting furnace is operated under a set of control parameters. A glass batch is fed into the glass melting furnace and melted into molten glass. During the melting, a surface layer comprising a portion of the glass batch and foam forms over the molten glass. A plurality of thermograms of the interior of the glass melting furnace is obtained. The thermograms are analyzed to determine whether there is instability in the thermodynamics of the surface layer. The set of control parameters are then adjusted to reduce a determined instability in the thermodynamics of the surface layer.

Abstract: Disclosed are systems and methods for determining the shape of a glass sheet during and/or after the forming process. In one example, a system for determining the shape of a glass sheet defining an interior bulk can include a light source, an image capture device and a processor that are configured to calculate the location of an energy centroid within a selected portion of the bulk of the glass sheet.

Abstract: Disclosed are systems and methods for determining the shape of a glass sheet during and/or after the forming process. In one example, a system for determining the shape of a glass sheet defining an interior bulk can include a light source, an image capture device and a processor that are configured to calculate the location of an energy centroid within a selected portion of the bulk of the glass sheet.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pneumatic tire having a tread with a plurality of load-supporting elements placed above the circumference of the tire. The tread is characterized by a pitch sequence comprising(a) from 52 to 64 total pitches;(b) only four different pitch lengths and the lowest indivisible integers used for the pitch ratios for the four pitch lengths are 11-13-15 and 17;(c) a ratio of the longest pitch to the shortest pitch length ranging from 1.54 to 1.55;(d) there being a constant increment in pitch length in the four different pitch lengths as one progresses from the shortest pitch length to the longest pitch length.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pneumatic tire having a tread with a plurality of load-supporting elements placed above the circumference of the tire. The tread is characterized by a pitch sequence comprising(a) from 55 to 98 total pitches;(b) only five different pitch lengths and the lowest indivisible integers used for the five pitch lengths are 7-8-9-10 and 11;(c) a ratio of the longest pitch to the shortest pitch length ranging from 1.57 to 1.58;(d) there being a constant increment in pitch length in the five different pitch lengths as one progresses from the shortest pitch length to the longest pitch length.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pneumatic tire having a tread with a plurality of load-supporting elements placed above the circumference of the tire. The tread is characterized by a pitch sequence comprising(a) from 67 to 103 total pitches;(b) only four or five different pitch lengths; and the lowest indivisible integers used for the pitch sequences having four pitch lengths are 7-8-9 and 10 and the lowest indivisible integers used for the pitch sequences having five pitch lengths are 7-8-9-10 and 11(c) a ratio of the longest pitch to the shortest pitch length not to exceed 1.58;(d) a ratio of the longer pitch length to the shorter pitch length of any two pitches which precede or follow each other not to exceed 1.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pneumatic tire having a tread with a plurality of load-supporting elements placed above the circumference of the tire. The tread is characterized by a pitch sequence comprising(a) from 52 to 65 total pitches;(b) only four different pitch lengths and the lowest indivisible integers used for the pitch ratios for the four pitch lengths are 11-13-15 and 17;(c) a ratio of the longest pitch to the shortest pitch length not to exceed 1.55;(d) a ratio of the longer pitch length to the shorter pitch length of any two pitches which precede or follow each other not to exceed 1.37;(e) there being no instance in the pitch sequence where the shortest pitch length directly precedes or directly follows the longest pitch length;(f) there being a constant increment in pitch length in the four different pitch lengths as one progresses from the shortest pitch length to the longest pitch length.

Abstract: A tire that has a tread base compound and a tread cap compound that have synergistic properties, an extra wide center rib, stiff shoulder lugs, and lateral grooves between shoulder lugs that do not vary significantly in width has a superior combination of rolling resistance properties, traction properties, noise properties, and wear properties. Also the RSAT of the tire can be fine tuned by chamfering edges of lugs in the tire.