Abstract: A method for treating water at a water treatment facility is provided. In one aspect, the water has been circulated through a subsurface formation in a shale oil development area. The subsurface formation may comprise shale that has been spent due to pyrolysis of formation hydrocarbons. The method in one embodiment includes receiving the water at the water treatment facility, and treating the water at the water treatment facility in order to (i) substantially separate oil from the water, (ii) substantially remove organic materials from the water, (iii) substantially reduce hardness and alkalinity of the water, (iv) substantially remove dissolved inorganic solids from the water, and/or (v) substantially remove suspended solids from the water. The method may further includes delivering the water that has been treated at the water treatment facility re-injecting the treated water into the subsurface formation to continue leaching out contaminants from the spent shale.

Abstract: Method for SOx remediation in a manufacturing operation includes providing a process stream including an organic compound and an amount of a sulfur-containing compound, an oxidation stream including at least one chemical oxidant, and combining at least a portion of the oxidant stream with at least a portion of the process stream to obtain an organic stripper feed stream, in which the amount of the sulfur-containing compound is reduced upon reaction with the at least one chemical oxidant. The method can further include directing at least a portion of the organic stripper feed stream to a combustion operation, and emitting a SOx remediated off gas from the combustion operation. A system using the disclosed method also is provided.

Abstract: A method for treating water at a water treatment facility is provided. In one aspect, the water has been circulated through a subsurface formation in a shale oil development area. The subsurface formation may comprise shale that has been spent due to pyrolysis of formation hydrocarbons. The method in one embodiment includes receiving the water at the water treatment facility, and treating the water at the water treatment facility in order to (i) substantially separate oil from the water, (ii) substantially remove organic materials from the water, (iii) substantially reduce hardness and alkalinity of the water, (iv) substantially remove dissolved inorganic solids from the water, and/or (v) substantially remove suspended solids from the water. The method may further includes delivering the water that has been treated at the water treatment facility re-injecting the treated water into the subsurface formation to continue leaching out contaminants from the spent shale.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a system and methodology for denitrification using constructed wetlands. The constructed wetlands of the present invention can be effectively applied as a wastewater point source treatment technology to any high total dissolved solids (e.g. sulfites and sulfates), carbon deficient wastewater stream for nitrate control. Pollutants are removed from the stream via a number of processes including plant uptake, volatilization, filtration and biological reduction. The present system and methodology offers an ability to reduce outflow stream nitrate concentrations in a cost-effective manner with minimal capital investment.

Abstract: Waste water, such as water separated from crude oil at a production well which comprises an alkali metal component, a Group II A metal component, organic pollutants and insoluble oils and solids, is treated by the sequential steps of oils and solids removal, H.sub.2 S removal, anaerobic treatment and aerobic treatment.