Abstract: A holographic recoding medium is provided, having holographic pages. Each page has reference mark (RM) placement areas at fixed locations for placing RM patterns. The reference marks are used to calibrate data images of data areas each of which is enclosed by at least three RM regions. Hidden information of the medium is stored by an specific encoded pattern based on existence, types and arrangements of the RM marks.

Abstract: An apparatus for testing integrated circuits is disclosed. The apparatus for testing integrated circuits comprises an integrated circuit and a tester. The integrated circuit undergoing testing receives an input signal, and outputs an output signal from a first output terminal or a second output terminal according to a first pulse width of the input signal, and outputs an error signal according to a difference between the first pulse width and a second pulse width. The tester outputs the input signal according to the output signal and the error signal.

Abstract: A force feedback apparatus and system are provided in the present invention. The force feedback apparatus is capable of balancing the reactive force or torque generated by an actuator of the force feedback apparatus through a balance output generated by a balance controlling unit coupled to the actuator so that the force feedback apparatus can interactive with the operator without a need for connection to a fixed frame. On the other hand, the system of the present invention adopts the force feedback apparatus to be a human operating interface for allowing the operator to interact with programs executed in an electrical interactive device so as to increase the trueness of the virtual reality.

Abstract: A current mirror has a first transistor and a second transistor. Current through the first and second transistors are an input current and an output current, respectively. The ratio of the output current to the input current is constant. The first and second transistors have the same voltage difference between the gate and source. The voltage difference between the drain and source of the second transistor is equalized to that of the first transistor by a first operational amplifier, and the voltage difference between the drain and source of the first transistor is equalized to a control voltage by a second operational amplifier. By setting the value of the control voltage, the first and second transistors can operate in triode region to simultaneously provide high output current and sufficient potential for a load.

Abstract: An apparatus for testing integrated circuits is disclosed. The apparatus for testing integrated circuits comprises an integrated circuit and a tester. The integrated circuit undergoing testing receives an input signal, and outputs an output signal from a first output terminal or a second output terminal according to a first pulse width of the input signal, and outputs an error signal according to a difference between the first pulse width and a second pulse width. The tester outputs the input signal according to the output signal and the error signal.

Abstract: The current mirror of the invention comprises a first and a second transistor. Current through the first and second transistors are an input current and an output current, respectively. The ratio of the output current to the input current is constant. The first and second transistors have the same voltage difference between the gate and source. The voltage difference between the drain and source of the second transistor is equalized to that of the first transistor by a first operational amplifier, and the voltage difference between the drain and source of the first transistor is equalized to a control voltage by a second operational amplifier. By setting the value of the control voltage, the first and second transistors can operate in triode region to simultaneously provide high output current and sufficient potential for a load.

Abstract: A detergent supply system for a kitchen hood has a mounting case perpendicularly attached to the kitchen hood, a detergent dispenser with a pump, a wastewater collector and a detergent reservoir mounted higher than the detergent dispenser is mounted. By mounting the detergent dispenser, wastewater collector and the detergent reservoir inside the mounting case, the detergent supply system can be conveniently attached to a self-cleaning kitchen hood.

Abstract: A scrubbing pad formed of porous curled nylon strands. Portion of the strands are stitched transversely to form weft and the remaining strands are stitched longitudinally to form warp. In one embodiment in the warp two adjacent strands are formed as a unit, two units are separated by longitudinal strands, and a distance therebetween allows another unit opposite the sandwiched single strand to stitch. An uneven texture on one surface of the scrubbing pad is adapted to increase bubble creation capability. Further, a wavy texture on the other surface is adapted to increase rubbing capability. The scrubbing pad has advantages of decreasing the amount of dishwashing liquid being used, effectively removing dirt adhered on kitchenware, preventing microorganism from growing, and being not subject to decomposition.

Abstract: A digital adjustable chip oscillator comprises a voltage control oscillator, a reference voltage circuit, a voltage regulation circuit, a digital tuning circuit, a frequency detector and a programmable controller. The oscillator generates an oscillation signal and receives a control voltage and an operating voltage from the voltage regulation circuit and the reference voltage circuit to stabilize and adjust the frequency of oscillation signal. The digital tuning circuit receives a digital code stored in a programmable memory to adjust the control voltage. The frequency detector detects and compares the frequency of oscillation signal with a first and second frequency, wherein when the frequency of the oscillation signal lies between the first and second frequency, the frequency detector outputs a high voltage signal and otherwise the frequency detector outputs a low voltage signal. The programmable controller receives the high voltage signal to stop a programmable counter to acquire the digital code.

Abstract: A digital adjustable chip oscillator comprising: a voltage control oscillator generating an oscillation signal, receiving a control voltage to adjust the frequency of the oscillation signal, and receiving an operating voltage to stabilize the frequency of the oscillation signal; a reference voltage circuit generating a reference voltage; a voltage regulation circuit receiving the reference voltage and generating the operating voltage; a digital tuning circuit receiving a digital code to adjust the control voltage and receiving the operating voltage to stabilize the control voltage; a frequency detector receiving the oscillation signal, a first reference signal with a first frequency, and a second reference signal with a second frequency, wherein when the frequency of the oscillation signal lies between the first frequency and the second frequency, the frequency detector will output a high voltage comparison signal, otherwise the frequency detector will output a low voltage comparison signal; a programmable co