Abstract: A substrate having inner and outer major surfaces, a plurality of edge surfaces, and a plurality of corner surfaces; and at least one of: (i) a coating applied over a limited area of the outer major surface of the substrate to produce a composite structure, (ii) an intermediate layer applied to the inner major surface of the substrate, and (iii) an elongate discontinuity disposed at one or more corners of the substrate, each of which operates to reduce catastrophic failures in the substrate resulting from a dynamic sharp impact to the outer major surface of the substrate.

Abstract: An example device includes a first layer having a first layer surface and a second layer having a second layer surface. A pressure sensitive adhesive is applied to the first layer surface of the first layer, and a curable adhesive is applied to the second layer surface of the second layer. The curable adhesive and the pressure sensitive adhesive are joined to adhere the first layer to the second layer.

Abstract: A substrate having inner and outer major surfaces, a plurality of edge surfaces, and a plurality of corner surfaces; and at least one of: (i) a coating applied over a limited area of the outer major surface of the substrate to produce a composite structure, (ii) an intermediate layer applied to the inner major surface of the substrate, and (iii) an elongate discontinuity disposed at one or more corners of the substrate, each of which operates to reduce catastrophic failures in the substrate resulting from a dynamic sharp impact to the outer major surface of the substrate.

Abstract: A corneal dynamic model algorithm and system using the same is provided, comprising an ophthalmotonometer and a calculating unit. The calculating unit comprises the algorithm for calculating the corneal dynamic model. The algorithm comprises: reading an actual corneal deformation from the ophthalmotonometer; substituting a young's modulus initial value and a damping coefficient initial value into a mathematical equation for getting a calculated corneal deformation; determining whether error amount between the calculated deformation and the actual deformation is a minimum or not; and getting a young's modulus and a damping coefficient.

Abstract: A corneal young's modulus algorithm and system using the same is provided, comprising a tonometer and a computation unit. The computation unit comprises an algorithm for calculating young's modulus. The algorithm comprises: (S1) read at least one parameter measured by a tonometer; (S2) apply the at least one parameter and an initial value of Young's modulus to a first equation to obtain an inner deformation amount and an outer deformation amount; (S3) apply the inner deformation amount and the outer deformation amount to a second equation to obtain a calculated deformation amount; (S4) determine if an error value between the calculated deformation amount and the actual deformation amount is minimal; and (S5) obtain Young's modulus.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a substrate stage configured to secure a substrate thereon and a motion mechanism configured to rotate the substrate stage. The substrate stage includes a plurality of holding pins for holding an edge of the substrate. Rotating the substrate stage causes a chemical solution dispensed on an upper surface of the substrate to spread outwardly toward the edge of the substrate. At least one of the plurality of holding pins includes at least one opening or at least one tapered side surface, or both, for guiding the chemical solution to flow off the substrate.

Abstract: In one example, a powder leveling subsystem for additive manufacturing. The subsystem includes an agitating tray which is immersible in, and moveably attachable to, a powder trough. The subsystem also includes a flexible member that has a first end portion attached to the agitating tray. The subsystem further includes an induced strain actuator attached to the flexible member adjacent an opposite second end portion of the flexible member. The second end portion is fixedly attachable to the powder trough.

Abstract: A fabric includes a first textile layer, a second textile layer, and a middle textile layer. The first textile layer includes a plurality of first fiber yarns. The second textile layer is separated from the first textile layer, and the second textile layer includes a plurality of second fiber yarns. The middle textile layer is between the first textile layer and the second textile layer, and the middle textile layer includes a plurality of middle fiber yarns. One or more of the middle fiber yarns has one or more peak and one or more valley. The peak is knitted with the first textile layer and the valley is knitted with the second textile layer. Sizes of the fiber yarns are 30 deniers, weaving densities of the fiber yarns are less than 28 and the opacity rate of the fabric is less than 15%.

Abstract: A semiconductor wafer cleaning apparatus is provided. The semiconductor wafer cleaning apparatus includes a spin base having a through hole. The semiconductor wafer cleaning apparatus further includes a spindle extending through the through hole. The semiconductor wafer cleaning apparatus also includes a clamping member. The clamping member covers the through hole and connected to the spindle. A gap that communicates with the through hole is formed between the spin base and the clamping member. In addition, the semiconductor wafer cleaning apparatus includes a sealing ring. The sealing ring is positioned adjacent to the gap and located farther away from the spindle than the gap.

Abstract: A fabric includes an inner textile layer, an outer textile layer, and a middle textile layer. The inner textile layer includes a plurality of microfiber yarns and a plurality of elastic fiber yarns. The outer textile layer includes a plurality of composite yarns. The middle textile layer is between the inner textile layer and the outer textile layer and has a plurality of wave-like polyester fiber yarns. Further, the outer textile layer includes a first weaving region and a second weaving region. The content of the composite yarns in the first weaving region is greater than the content of the composite yarns in the second weaving region.

Abstract: The present invention provides an acoustic wave intraocular pressure detecting device and a method thereof, which uses a driver to generate a vibration wave on the skin or bones. The energy of the vibration wave is transmitted to the orbital bones via the skin and the skeletons. A standing wave of the basin effect is generated on the eyeball inside the orbital bones. The standing wave vibrates the eyeball or the cornea to generate an acoustic wave signal with a resonance frequency. The eyeball or the cornea emits the acoustic wave outwardly. A receiver receives the acoustic wave and converts the acoustic wave into an intraocular pressure (IOP) value.

Abstract: A laminated glass article includes a glass core layer having a core modulus Ecore and a glass cladding layer adjacent to the core layer and having a cladding modulus Eclad. Eclad can be at least 5 GPa less than Ecore. A modulus ratio Ecore/Eclad can be at least 1.08. The cladding layer can have a compressive stress resulting from a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) contrast between the core layer and the cladding layer and/or subjecting the laminated glass article to an ion exchange treatment to form an ion exchanged region at an outer surface of the cladding layer.

Abstract: A strengthened article (and methods for making it) is provided that includes a glass, glass-ceramic or ceramic, having a plurality of primary surfaces, side edges, and a thickness. The article also includes a compressive stress region extending from one of the primary surfaces to a first selected depth in the article; a central region extending from a boundary located at a depth of 200 ?m from the primary surfaces and the edges to the centroid of the article; and an outer region extending between the primary surfaces and edges to the boundary. Further, the maximum principal stress within the outer region is no more than two times the maximum principal stress within the central region. The primary surfaces and side edges may define a plurality of corners, and the corners may be defined by a chamfer, a fillet, or a curved shape.

Abstract: A substrate having inner and outer major surfaces, a plurality of edge surfaces, and a plurality of corner surfaces; and at least one of: (i) a coating applied over a limited area of the outer major surface of the substrate to produce a composite structure, (ii) an intermediate layer applied to the inner major surface of the substrate, and (iii) an elongate discontinuity disposed at one or more corners of the substrate, each of which operates to reduce catastrophic failures in the substrate resulting from a dynamic sharp impact to the outer major surface of the substrate.

Abstract: A semiconductor device is provided including a substrate and a plurality of gate stacks. The gate stack includes a dielectric layer disposed on the substrate, a first capping layer disposed on the dielectric layer, a second capping layer disposed on the first capping layer, and a gate electrode layer covering the second capping layer. The first capping layer having a roughened surface may enhance the formation of the second capping layer. The second capping layer has a bottom portion and a sidewall portion, and the thickness of the bottom portion is formed to be greater than the thickness of the sidewall portion, so that the dielectric property of the second capping layer may be significantly improved. Further, a method for manufacturing the semiconductor device also provides herein.

Abstract: A portable electronic device includes a device body containing a plurality of device structures, one of which is a display module. A cover glass is disposed at an opening of the device body such that at least one of the plurality of device structures underlies the cover glass. An energy absorbing interlayer is disposed between the cover glass and the at least one underlying device structure, where the energy absorbing interlayer has a stiffness that is lower than that of the cover glass.

Abstract: A corneal dynamic model algorithm and system using the same is provided, comprising an ophthalmotonometer and a calculating unit. The calculating unit comprises the algorithm for calculating the corneal dynamic model. The algorithm comprises: reading an actual corneal deformation from the ophthalmotonometer; substituting a young's modulus initial value and a damping coefficient initial value into a mathematical equation for getting a calculated corneal deformation; determining whether error amount between the calculated deformation and the actual deformation is a minimum or not; and getting a young's modulus and a damping coefficient.

Abstract: A corneal young's modulus algorithm and system using the same is provided, comprising a tonometer and a computation unit. The computation unit comprises an algorithm for calculating young's modulus. The algorithm comprises: (S1) read at least one parameter measured by a tonometer; (S2) apply the at least one parameter and an initial value of Young's modulus to a first equation to obtain an inner deformation amount and an outer deformation amount; (S3) apply the inner deformation amount and the outer deformation amount to a second equation to obtain a calculated deformation amount; (S4) determine if an error value between the calculated deformation amount and the actual deformation amount is minimal; and (S5) obtain Young's modulus.

Abstract: The present invention provides an acoustic wave intraocular pressure detecting device and a method thereof, which uses a driver to generate a vibration wave on the skin or bones. The energy of the vibration wave is transmitted to the orbital bones via the skin and the skeletons. A standing wave of the basin effect is generated on the eyeball inside the orbital bones. The standing wave vibrates the eyeball or the cornea to generate an acoustic wave signal with a resonance frequency. The eyeball or the cornea emits the acoustic wave outwardly. A receiver receives the acoustic wave and converts the acoustic wave into an intraocular pressure (IOP) value.

Abstract: A semiconductor device is provided including a substrate and a plurality of gate stacks. The gate stack includes a dielectric layer disposed on the substrate, a first capping layer disposed on the dielectric layer, a second capping layer disposed on the first capping layer, and a gate electrode layer covering the second capping layer. The first capping layer having a roughened surface may enhance the formation of the second capping layer. The second capping layer has a bottom portion and a sidewall portion, and the thickness of the bottom portion is formed to be greater than the thickness of the sidewall portion, so that the dielectric property of the second capping layer may be significantly improved. Further, a method for manufacturing the semiconductor device also provides herein.