Abstract: An energy management system includes a power supply module, a charging module, an interface module and an energy management module. The power supply module provides an input power. The charging module generates, based on the input power, a first charge power and a second charge power in response to a first charge control signal and a second charge control signal. The interface module detects electrical energy stored in an energy storage device to generate a detection result. In response to the detection result, the energy management module determines an operating state of the energy storage device, and generates one of the first and second charge control signals.

Abstract: A multiple winding transformer includes a core unit, a first winding set which has N (N?3) number of windings, and a second winding set which has at least one winding. The windings of the first winding set are overlappingly wound around the core unit. Each of the windings includes an input terminal and an output terminal. The input terminal of one of the windings is spaced apart from the input terminal of a next one of the windings by (360/N) degrees, and the input terminals are interconnected to form an input end. The output terminal of one of the windings is spaced apart from the output terminal of a next one of the windings by (360/N) degrees, and the output terminals are interconnected to form an output end.

Abstract: A buck converter includes: a first input terminal; a second input terminal; a first output terminal; a second output terminal; an internal node; a first inductor, a second inductor and a main switch connected in series between the first input terminal and the internal node; a third inductor connected between the internal node and the first output terminal; a fourth inductor connected between the second input terminal and the second output terminal; a first auxiliary switch connected between the internal node and the second output terminal; and a second auxiliary switch connected between the second input terminal and the first output terminal.

Abstract: An energy management system includes a power supply module, a charging module, an interface module and an energy management module. The power supply module provides an input power. The charging module generates, based on the input power, a first charge power and a second charge power in response to a first charge control signal and a second charge control signal. The interface module detects electrical energy stored in an energy storage device to generate a detection result. In response to the detection result, the energy management module determines an operating state of the energy storage device, and generates one of the first and second charge control signals.

Abstract: An interleaved buck converter performs buck conversion by controlling operation of each of two switches thereof between an ON state and an OFF state. The switches have the same switching period and the same ON time interval, and a time delay from switching of one of the switches into the ON state to switching of the other one of the switches into the ON state equals the ON time interval of the switches minus a predetermined time interval.

Abstract: A single-stage AC-to-DC converter includes a bus capacitor, a power factor correcting module, a resonant converting module and a control module. The power factor correcting module generates, based on an AC (alternating current) input voltage, a first control signal and a second control signal, a DC (direct current) bus voltage across the bus capacitor and an intermediate voltage switching between the bus voltage and zero. The resonant converting module generates a DC output voltage based on the intermediate voltage. The control module generates, based on the bus voltage, the first and second control signals, each of which switches between an active state and an inactive state and has a duty cycle associated with the bus voltage.

Abstract: A resonant converter includes: a transformer including a first primary winding, a second primary winding and a secondary winding, each primary winding having a first end terminal and a second end terminal; a first switch coupled to the first end terminal of the first primary winding; a resonant inductor and a resonant capacitor connected in series between the second end terminal of the first primary winding and the first end terminal of the second primary winding; a second switch coupled between the first end terminals of the first and second primary windings; and a third switch coupled between the second end terminals of the first and second primary windings.

Abstract: A quasi-resonant half-bridge converter includes a switch unit including first and second switches that are coupled in series, a capacitor unit coupled to the switch unit in parallel, a rectifier unit, an output capacitor, and a transformer coupled to the aforesaid components. The first and second switches are respectively controlled using first and second control signals that have a constant frequency. Duty cycles of the first and second control signals may be adjusted based upon a DC output voltage across the output capacitor for promoting conversion efficiency of the converter when operating at light load.

Abstract: A single-stage AC-to-DC converter includes a bus capacitor, a power factor correcting module, a resonant converting module and a control module. The power factor correcting module generates, based on an AC (alternating current) input voltage, a first control signal and a second control signal, a DC (direct current) bus voltage across the bus capacitor and an intermediate voltage switching between the bus voltage and zero. The resonant converting module generates a DC output voltage based on the intermediate voltage. The control module generates, based on the bus voltage, the first and second control signals, each of which switches between an active state and an inactive state and has a duty cycle associated with the bus voltage.

Abstract: An interleaved buck converter performs buck conversion by controlling operation of each of two switches thereof between an ON state and an OFF state. The switches have the same switching period and the same ON time interval, and a time delay from switching of one of the switches into the ON state to switching of the other one of the switches into the ON state equals the ON time interval of the switches minus a predetermined time interval.

Abstract: A multiple winding transformer includes a core unit, a first winding set which has N (N?3) number of windings, and a second winding set which has at least one winding. The windings of the first winding set are overlappingly wound around the core unit. Each of the windings includes an input terminal and an output terminal. The input terminal of one of the windings is spaced apart from the input terminal of a next one of the windings by (360/N) degrees, and the input terminals are interconnected to form an input end. The output terminal of one of the windings is spaced apart from the output terminal of a next one of the windings by (360/N) degrees, and the output terminals are interconnected to form an output end.

Abstract: A resonant converter includes: a transformer including a first primary winding, a second primary winding and a secondary winding, each primary winding having a first end terminal and a second end terminal; a first switch coupled to the first end terminal of the first primary winding; a resonant inductor and a resonant capacitor connected in series between the second end terminal of the first primary winding and the first end terminal of the second primary winding; a second switch coupled between the first end terminals of the first and second primary windings; and a third switch coupled between the second end terminals of the first and second primary windings.

Abstract: A buck converter includes: a first input terminal; a second input terminal; a first output terminal; a second output terminal; an internal node; a first inductor, a second inductor and a main switch connected in series between the first input terminal and the internal node; a third inductor connected between the internal node and the first output terminal; a fourth inductor connected between the second input terminal and the second output terminal; a first auxiliary switch connected between the internal node and the second output terminal; and a second auxiliary switch connected between the second input terminal and the first output terminal.

Abstract: A power converting device includes a transformer, a first switch coupled to a primary winding of the transformer, a PWM controller which generates a first PWM signal for controlling conduction and non-conduction of the first switch and which generates a control signal that leads the first PWM signal, a rectifier-filter circuit which rectifies an induced voltage generated by a secondary winding of the transformer, a second switch coupled to the secondary winding, and a synchronous rectifier controller which controls conduction and non-conduction of the second switch, and which controls, according to the control signal, the second switch to become non-conductive prior to conduction of the first switch.

Abstract: A quasi-resonant half-bridge converter includes a switch unit including first and second switches that are coupled in series, a capacitor unit coupled to the switch unit in parallel, a rectifier unit, an output capacitor, and a transformer coupled to the aforesaid components. The first and second switches are respectively controlled using first and second control signals that have a constant frequency. Duty cycles of the first and second control signals may be adjusted based upon a DC output voltage across the output capacitor for promoting conversion efficiency of the converter when operating at light load.

Abstract: A power converting device includes a main switch, a synchronous rectifier switch, a rectifier-filter circuit which outputs an output voltage, and a synchronous rectifier control circuit which includes a sampling circuit coupled to the rectifier-filter circuit for outputting a voltage variation signal, a differential amplifier circuit that outputs an amplified signal by adding the output voltage and an offset voltage to the voltage variation signal attenuated thereby, and a comparison circuit that compares the amplified signal with the output voltage so as to output a trigger signal, such that the synchronous rectifier switch is turned on when the main switch is turned off, and is turned off prior to conduction of the main switch.

Abstract: A power converting device includes a main switch, a synchronous rectifier switch, a rectifier-filter circuit which outputs an output voltage, and a synchronous rectifier control circuit which includes a sampling circuit coupled to the rectifier-filter circuit for outputting a voltage variation signal, a differential amplifier circuit that outputs an amplified signal by adding the output voltage and an offset voltage to the voltage variation signal attenuated thereby, and a comparison circuit that compares the amplified signal with the output voltage so as to output a trigger signal, such that the synchronous rectifier switch is turned on when the main switch is turned off, and is turned off prior to conduction of the main switch.

Abstract: A power converting device includes a transformer, a first switch coupled to a primary winding of the transformer, a PWM controller which generates a first PWM signal for controlling conduction and non-conduction of the first switch and which generates a control signal that leads the first PWM signal, a rectifier-filter circuit which rectifies an induced voltage generated by a secondary winding of the transformer, a second switch coupled to the secondary winding, and a synchronous rectifier controller which controls conduction and non-conduction of the second switch, and which controls, according to the control signal, the second switch to become non-conductive prior to conduction of the first switch.

Abstract: A treatment for waste pickling solutions containing iron and method of ferric oxide formation, consisting of spent acid with iron content, the addition therein of sodium hydroxide to adjust the pH value, the execution of a chemical reaction in another tank into which sodium hydroxide and air are added while the admixture is exposed to an ultraviolet beam circuit in a photo-oxidation process, and finally magnetic culling to separate ferric oxide in the solution.