Abstract: A method for performing automatic layout defect checking (ALDC) control regarding circuit design, associated apparatus and an associated computer-readable medium are provided. The method applicable to a processing circuit may include: providing a web-based entry in an ALDC control system running on a processing circuit, for any user among multiple users to upload at least a layout file of a package substrate design of at least one package substrate to the ALDC control system, in order to obtain at least the layout file from a client electronic device through the web-based entry; utilizing at least one backend program module to check the layout file according to a plurality of predetermined layout defect checking rules to generate at least one checking result, and create a layout defect checking report of the package substrate design; and sending the layout defect checking report corresponding to the layout file to the client electronic device.

Abstract: An optical keyswitch includes a keycap, a support mechanism, and a switch module. The support mechanism is disposed below the keycap and configured to support the keycap moving upward and downward, the support mechanism comprising a first frame and a second frame, the first frame having a sliding end. The switch module includes a circuit board, an emitter, and a receiver, the emitter and the receiver are electrically connected to the circuit board, and the emitter emitting an optical signal to the receiver. When the keycap is pressed, the first frame is driven by the keycap to slide substantially parallel to the circuit board and block the optical signal with the sliding end, so the switch module is triggered to generate a triggering signal.

Abstract: A control system includes a plurality of pressure sensors, each to detect a pressure in a respective dynamic gas lock (DGL) nozzle control region of a plurality of DGL nozzle control regions. Each DGL nozzle control region includes one or more DGL nozzles. The control system includes a plurality of mass flow controllers (MFCs). Each MFC of the plurality of MFCs is to control a flow velocity in a respective DGL nozzle control region of the plurality of DGL nozzle control regions. The control system includes a controller to selectively cause one or more MFCs of the plurality of MFCs to adjust flow velocities in one or more DGL nozzle control regions of the plurality of DGL nozzle control regions based on pressures detected by the plurality of pressure sensors in DGL nozzle control regions of the plurality of DGL nozzle control regions.

Abstract: This invention provides an antenna assembly equipped with a sub-wavelength structured enhancer, comprising an antenna supporting substrate with a top surface and a bottom surface opposite to each other; a first patch antenna is disposed on the top surface of the antenna supporting substrate or inside of the antenna supporting substrate; a ground layer is disposed under the bottom surface of the antenna supporting substrate; a signal feeding layer for transmitting satellite communicating signals is disposed on one of surfaces of the antenna supporting substrate, or inside of the antenna supporting substrate, or under the first patch antenna, or under a side of the ground layer back to the antenna supporting substrate; and a solid sub-wavelength structured enhancer is disposed above the first patch antenna and spaced with each other by an air gap ranging between 7 mm and 47 mm.

Abstract: A control system includes a plurality of pressure sensors, each to detect a pressure in a respective dynamic gas lock (DGL) nozzle control region of a plurality of DGL nozzle control regions. Each DGL nozzle control region includes one or more DGL nozzles. The control system includes a plurality of mass flow controllers (MFCs). Each MFC of the plurality of MFCs is to control a flow velocity in a respective DGL nozzle control region of the plurality of DGL nozzle control regions. The control system includes a controller to selectively cause one or more MFCs of the plurality of MFCs to adjust flow velocities in one or more DGL nozzle control regions of the plurality of DGL nozzle control regions based on pressures detected by the plurality of pressure sensors in DGL nozzle control regions of the plurality of DGL nozzle control regions.

Abstract: A method for forming a semiconductor device includes receiving a substrate having a first opening and a second opening formed thereon, wherein the first opening has a first width, and the second opening has a second width less than the first width; forming a protecting layer to cover the first opening and expose the second opening; performing a wet etching to widen the second opening with an etchant, wherein the second opening has a third width after the performing of the wet etching, and the third width of the second opening is substantially equal to the first width of the first opening; and performing a photolithography to transfer the first opening and the second opening to a target layer.

Abstract: A wireless radio frequency conversion system is disclosed. The wireless radio frequency conversion system includes a primary distributing device, a one-to-many conversion device, a plurality of first optical fiber networks, a plurality of remote antenna devices, and a plurality of antennas. The primary distributing device is configured to receive a first photoelectric signal. The one-to-many conversion device is configured to perform an optical-electrical conversion and a one-to-many conversion to the first photoelectric signal so as to generate a plurality of second photoelectric signals. The plurality of first optical fiber networks are configured to transmit the plurality of second photoelectric signals. The plurality of remote antenna devices are configured to receive and perform an optical-electrical conversion to the plurality of second photoelectric signals so as to generate a plurality of third photoelectric signals.

Abstract: A wireless radio frequency conversion system is disclosed. The baseband device generates or receives a baseband signal. The remote radio device transforms between the baseband signal and a radio frequency signal. The beamforming device adjusts amplitude and phase of the radio frequency signal or adjusts scale factor and phase factor of the baseband signal. The conversion device performs an optical-electrical conversion to the radio frequency signal. One of the beamforming device, the conversion device, and the wireless radio frequency conversion system having a one-to-many conversion device performs a one-to-many conversion to the radio frequency signal or the baseband signal to generate radio frequency signals or baseband signals, or performs a many-to-one conversion to the radio frequency signals or the baseband signals to generate the radio frequency signal or the baseband signal. The front-end module amplifies the radio frequency signal. The antenna transmits or receives the radio frequency signal.

Abstract: A layout routing method includes determining a routing pattern according to a swapping rule, a via pattern, area constraints and pin locations; optimizing swapping in differential pairs according to the routing pattern; extracting features of each routing net to obtain extracted features; using an unsupervised algorithm to generate different routing groups according to the extracted features; and determining a routing order of the routing groups according to complex features of the routing groups.

Abstract: An apparatus for amplifying a nucleic acid sequence in a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is provided. The apparatus comprises a microprocessor configured to communicatively couple with a user input device and receive instructions from the user input device and implement the received instructions; an electromagnetic radiation (EMR) generator configured to generated EMR at frequencies ranging from 300 THz to 400 THz and communicatively coupled with the microprocessor; a reaction vessel, communicatively coupled with the microprocessor, to house the nucleic acid sequence, necessary reagents to the PCR, and particles comprising a transition metal material, and to receive the EMR generated by the EMR generator; and a temperature sensor communicatively coupled with the reaction vessel and the microprocessor.

Abstract: An apparatus for amplifying a nucleic acid sequence in a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is provided. The apparatus comprises a microprocessor configured to communicatively couple with a user input device and receive instructions from the user input device and implement the received instructions; an electromagnetic radiation (EMR) generator configured to generated EMR at frequencies ranging from 300 THz to 400 THz and communicatively coupled with the microprocessor; a reaction vessel, communicatively coupled with the microprocessor, to house the nucleic acid, sequence, necessary reagents to the PCR, and particles comprising a transition metal material, and to receive the EMR generated by the EMR generator; and a temperature sensor communicatively coupled with the reaction vessel and the microprocessor.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for amplifying a target nucleic acid sequence of a reaction mixture in a Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The method includes contacting the reaction mixture with EMR frequency absorbing particles formed from a material having a transition metal, transition metal oxide or a transition metal hydroxide, or a nitride, a phosphide or an arsenide of a Group III metal doped with the transition metal or a transition metal oxide, or silicon dioxide doped with the transition metal, transition metal oxide, or transition metal hydroxide; and irradiating the EMR absorbing particles with EMR having a frequency of about 200 kHz to 500 THz to amplify the target nucleic acid sequence, wherein the Group III metal is any one of Al, Ga, and In, and the transition metal is any one of Mn, Fe, Co and Cu.

Abstract: A communication circuit includes a receiver path, a frequency translating loop filter and a signal source circuit. The frequency translating loop filter includes an auxiliary mixer, and a frequency translating filter backend circuit such as a filter. The signal source circuit can be shared with a transmitter path. When the receiver path receives an external signal, the auxiliary mixer and the frequency translating filter backend circuit perform high-frequency filtering. When the receiver path need not receive the external signal, the auxiliary mixer up-converts a low-frequency auxiliary signal provided by the signal source circuit to a high-frequency domain, and the up-converted signal is received by the receiver path. Thus, an operation parameter of the receiver path can be adjusted and calibrated according to a response of the receiver path.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for amplifying a target nucleic acid sequence of a reaction mixture in a Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The method includes contacting the reaction mixture with EMR frequency absorbing particles formed from a material having a transition metal, transition metal oxide or a transition metal hydroxide, or a nitride, a phosphide or an arsenide of a Group III metal doped with the transition metal or a transition metal oxide, or silicon dioxide doped with the transition metal, transition metal oxide, or transition metal hydroxide; and irradiating the EMR absorbing particles with EMR having a frequency of about 200 kHz to 500 THz to amplify the target nucleic acid sequence, wherein the Group III metal is any one of Al, Ga, and In, and the transition metal is any one of Mn, Fe, Co and Cu.

Abstract: An electrode structure includes a first diffusion barrier layer, an aluminum reflective layer formed over the first diffusion barrier layer. The aluminum reflective layer has a thickness from about 500 angstroms (?) to less than 2,000 ?, a second diffusion barrier layer formed over the aluminum reflective layer, and an electrode layer overlying the second diffusion barrier layer. The electrode structure is applicable in a light emitting diode device.

Abstract: An electrode structure includes a first diffusion barrier layer, an aluminum reflective layer formed over the first diffusion barrier layer. The aluminum reflective layer has a thickness from about 500 angstroms (?) to less than 2,000 ?, a second diffusion barrier layer formed over the aluminum reflective layer, and an electrode layer overlying the second diffusion barrier layer. The electrode structure is applicable in a light emitting diode device.

Abstract: A communication circuit includes a receiver path, a frequency translating loop filter and a signal source circuit. The frequency translating loop filter includes an auxiliary mixer, and a frequency translating filter backend circuit such as a filter. The signal source circuit can be shared with a transmitter path. When the receiver path receives an external signal, the auxiliary mixer and the frequency translating filter backend circuit perform high-frequency filtering. When the receiver path need not receive the external signal, the auxiliary mixer up-converts a low-frequency auxiliary signal provided by the signal source circuit to a high-frequency domain, and the up-converted signal is received by the receiver path. Thus, an operation parameter of the receiver path can be adjusted and calibrated according to a response of the receiver path.