Abstract: An electronic package and a manufacturing method thereof are provided, in which an electronic component and a heat dissipation structure having an opening are arranged on a carrier structure, a heat sink is arranged in the opening and bonded to the electronic component, and the electronic component, the heat dissipation structure and the heat sink are covered with an encapsulation layer, such that the heat sink can be arranged according to a heat source of a specific part of the electronic component so as to effectively dissipate heat.

Abstract: An apparatus for amplifying a nucleic acid sequence in a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is provided. The apparatus comprises a microprocessor configured to communicatively couple with a user input device and receive instructions from the user input device and implement the received instructions; an electromagnetic radiation (EMR) generator configured to generated EMR at frequencies ranging from 300 THz to 400 THz and communicatively coupled with the microprocessor; a reaction vessel, communicatively coupled with the microprocessor, to house the nucleic acid sequence, necessary reagents to the PCR, and particles comprising a transition metal material, and to receive the EMR generated by the EMR generator; and a temperature sensor communicatively coupled with the reaction vessel and the microprocessor.

Abstract: An apparatus for amplifying a nucleic acid sequence in a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is provided. The apparatus comprises a microprocessor configured to communicatively couple with a user input device and receive instructions from the user input device and implement the received instructions; an electromagnetic radiation (EMR) generator configured to generated EMR at frequencies ranging from 300 THz to 400 THz and communicatively coupled with the microprocessor; a reaction vessel, communicatively coupled with the microprocessor, to house the nucleic acid, sequence, necessary reagents to the PCR, and particles comprising a transition metal material, and to receive the EMR generated by the EMR generator; and a temperature sensor communicatively coupled with the reaction vessel and the microprocessor.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for amplifying a target nucleic acid sequence of a reaction mixture in a Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The method includes contacting the reaction mixture with EMR frequency absorbing particles formed from a material having a transition metal, transition metal oxide or a transition metal hydroxide, or a nitride, a phosphide or an arsenide of a Group III metal doped with the transition metal or a transition metal oxide, or silicon dioxide doped with the transition metal, transition metal oxide, or transition metal hydroxide; and irradiating the EMR absorbing particles with EMR having a frequency of about 200 kHz to 500 THz to amplify the target nucleic acid sequence, wherein the Group III metal is any one of Al, Ga, and In, and the transition metal is any one of Mn, Fe, Co and Cu.

Abstract: A communication circuit includes a receiver path, a frequency translating loop filter and a signal source circuit. The frequency translating loop filter includes an auxiliary mixer, and a frequency translating filter backend circuit such as a filter. The signal source circuit can be shared with a transmitter path. When the receiver path receives an external signal, the auxiliary mixer and the frequency translating filter backend circuit perform high-frequency filtering. When the receiver path need not receive the external signal, the auxiliary mixer up-converts a low-frequency auxiliary signal provided by the signal source circuit to a high-frequency domain, and the up-converted signal is received by the receiver path. Thus, an operation parameter of the receiver path can be adjusted and calibrated according to a response of the receiver path.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for amplifying a target nucleic acid sequence of a reaction mixture in a Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The method includes contacting the reaction mixture with EMR frequency absorbing particles formed from a material having a transition metal, transition metal oxide or a transition metal hydroxide, or a nitride, a phosphide or an arsenide of a Group III metal doped with the transition metal or a transition metal oxide, or silicon dioxide doped with the transition metal, transition metal oxide, or transition metal hydroxide; and irradiating the EMR absorbing particles with EMR having a frequency of about 200 kHz to 500 THz to amplify the target nucleic acid sequence, wherein the Group III metal is any one of Al, Ga, and In, and the transition metal is any one of Mn, Fe, Co and Cu.

Abstract: An electrode structure includes a first diffusion barrier layer, an aluminum reflective layer formed over the first diffusion barrier layer. The aluminum reflective layer has a thickness from about 500 angstroms (?) to less than 2,000 ?, a second diffusion barrier layer formed over the aluminum reflective layer, and an electrode layer overlying the second diffusion barrier layer. The electrode structure is applicable in a light emitting diode device.

Abstract: An electrode structure includes a first diffusion barrier layer, an aluminum reflective layer formed over the first diffusion barrier layer. The aluminum reflective layer has a thickness from about 500 angstroms (?) to less than 2,000 ?, a second diffusion barrier layer formed over the aluminum reflective layer, and an electrode layer overlying the second diffusion barrier layer. The electrode structure is applicable in a light emitting diode device.

Abstract: A communication circuit includes a receiver path, a frequency translating loop filter and a signal source circuit. The frequency translating loop filter includes an auxiliary mixer, and a frequency translating filter backend circuit such as a filter. The signal source circuit can be shared with a transmitter path. When the receiver path receives an external signal, the auxiliary mixer and the frequency translating filter backend circuit perform high-frequency filtering. When the receiver path need not receive the external signal, the auxiliary mixer up-converts a low-frequency auxiliary signal provided by the signal source circuit to a high-frequency domain, and the up-converted signal is received by the receiver path. Thus, an operation parameter of the receiver path can be adjusted and calibrated according to a response of the receiver path.