Abstract: Process for the preparation of ethanol and/or higher alcohols comprising the steps of: (a) providing an alcohol synthesis gas comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen in a molar ratio of higher than 0.5; (c) adding an amount of methanol and/or higher alcohols to the synthesis gas to obtain a synthesis gas mixture. (d) converting the synthesis gas mixture from step (c) in presence of one or more catalysts catalysing the conversion of the synthesis gas mixture into a ethanol and/or higher alcohols containing product; and (e) withdrawing the product from step (d), wherein the synthesis gas is purified by removing iron and nickel carbonyl compounds prior or after the addition methanol and/or higher alcohols to the synthesis gas and optionally (I) cooling the withdrawn product in step (e); and (g) contacting the cooled product with a hydrogenation catalyst.

Abstract: A process for the catalytic removal of hydrogen cyanide, formic acid and formic acid derivatives from synthesis gas comprising these compounds, carbon monoxide and hydrogen, the process comprising contacting the synthesis gas with a catalyst comprising one or more metals selected from the group consisting of silver, gold, copper, palladium, platinum and their mixtures and supported on a carrier comprising at least one of the oxides of scandium, yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, titanium, zirconium, aluminum, zinc, chromium and molybdenum.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of hydrocarbon products comprising the steps of (a) providing a synthesis gas comprising hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide; (b) reacting the synthesis gas to an oxygenate mixture comprising methanol and dimethyl ether in presence of one or more catalysts which together catalyse a reaction of hydrogen and carbon monoxide to oxygenates at a pressure of at least 4 MPa; (c) withdrawing from step (b) the oxygenate mixture comprising amounts of methanol, dimethyl ether, carbon dioxide and water together with unreacted synthesis gas and introducing the entire amount of the oxygenate mixture without further treatment into a catalytic oxygenate conversion step (d); (d) reacting the oxygenate mixture in presence of a catalyst being active in the conversion of oxygenates to higher hydrocarbons; (e) withdrawing an effluent from step (d) and separating the effluent into a tail gas, a liquid hydrocarbon phase containing the higher hydrocarbons produced in step.

Abstract: A process for the abatement of carbonyl sulphide, carbon disulphide, metal carbonyl compounds, hydrogen sulphide and hydrogen cyanide, ammonia and arsenic and chlorine compounds from a feed gas comprising the steps of contacting the gas in succession with a first purification agent comprising activated carbon, with a second purification agent comprising alumina, with a third purification agent comprising zinc oxide, with a fourth purification agent comprising a zeolitic material and a fifth purification agent comprising zinc oxide and copper oxide.

Abstract: A process is provided for the preparation of a gaseous syn-fuel having a heating value in the same range as natural gas.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of a product alcohol mixture comprising the steps of: (a) providing a synthesis gas comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen (b) providing an amount of methanol and a second source alcohol Rn—CH2—CH2—OH comprising n+2 carbon atoms (Rn?CnH2n+1, n?O) to the synthesis gas to obtain a selective alcohol synthesis mixture (c) converting the selective synthesis mixture in presence of one or more catalysts catalysing the conversion of the synthesis gas mixture into a product alcohol mixture in which the initially dominating alcohol is a preferred Cn+3 alcohol having the structure Rn—CH(CH3)—CH2—OH (d) withdrawing the product alcohol mixture of step (c).

Abstract: Process for the preparation of ethanol and/or higher alcohols comprising the steps of: (a) providing an alcohol synthesis gas comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen in a molar ratio of higher than 0.5; (c) adding an amount of methanol and/or higher alcohols to the synthesis gas to obtain a synthesis gas mixture. (d) converting the synthesis gas mixture from step (c) in presence of one or more catalysts catalysing the conversion of the synthesis gas mixture into a ethanol and/or higher alcohols containing product; and (e) withdrawing the product from step (d), wherein the synthesis gas is purified by removing iron and nickel carbonyl compounds prior or after the addition methanol and/or higher alcohols to the synthesis gas and optionally (I) cooling the withdrawn product in step (e); and (g) contacting the cooled product with a hydrogenation catalyst.

Abstract: Method of removing metal carbonyls from a gaseous stream comprising contacting the metal carbonyl containing gaseous stream at elevated temperature with a particulate sorbent comprising modified copper aluminum spinel, wherein the copper aluminium spinel has been modified by a thermal treatment in a reducing atmosphere and a particulate sorbent for use in a method comprising a copper aluminium spinel being modified by thermal treatment in a reducing atmosphere at a temperature of between 250 and 500° C.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of synthesis gas from an essentially dry hydrocarbon feedstock (1) comprising olefins, hydrogen and carbon monoxide, the process comprising the steps: (a) selectively hydrogenating the olefins in the hydrocarbon feedstock at a temperature between 60 to 190° C. (2) to obtain a hydrogenated hydrocarbon feedstock comprising hydrogen, carbon monoxide and saturated hydrocarbons (3; (b) adding steam (4) to the hydrogenated hydrocarbon feedstock; (c) performing a water gas shift reaction in the presence of steam on the hydrogenated hydrocarbon feedstock (6) to obtain a shifted, hydrogenated hydrocarbon mixture; (d) converting the shifted, hydrogenated hydrocarbon mixture (8) to obtain a synthesis gas.

Abstract: Method and reactor for performing Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis with controlled steam partial pressure by introducing cool points in the FT reactor, typically in form of cooled solid surfaces. At the surface, the low temperature will force condensation of the water into a liquid film. Thereby, the partial pressure of steam in the gas and reactor will not exceed significantly the vapour partial pressure at the liquid film and water from the gas stream will be removed as it is produced, i.e. steam induced deactivation is avoided. In addition, the decrease of hydrogen and carbon monoxide partial pressures due to dilution by steam will be kept low ensuring a constant high reaction rate.

Abstract: Method and reactor for performing Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis with controlled steam partial pressure by introducing cool points in the FT reactor, typically in form of cooled solid surfaces. At the surface, the low temperature will force condensation of the water into a liquid film. Thereby, the partial pressure of steam in the gas and reactor will not exceed significantly the vapor partial pressure at the liquid film and water from the gas stream will be removed as it is produced, i.e. steam induced deactivation is avoided. In addition, the decrease of hydrogen and carbon monoxide partial pressures due to dilution by steam will be kept low ensuring a constant high reaction rate.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of hydrocarbon products comprising the steps of (a) providing a synthesis gas comprising hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide; (b) reacting the synthesis gas to an oxygenate mixture comprising methanol and dimethyl ether in presence of one or more catalysts which together catalyse a reaction of hydrogen and carbon monoxide to oxygenates at a pressure of at least 4 MPa; (c) withdrawing from step (b) the oxygenate mixture comprising amounts of methanol, dimethyl ether, carbon dioxide and water together with unreacted synthesis gas and introducing the entire amount of the oxygenate mixture without further treatment into a catalytic oxygenate conversion step (d); (d) reacting the oxygenate mixture in presence of a catalyst being active in the conversion of oxygenates to higher hydrocarbons; (e) withdrawing an effluent from step (d) and separating the effluent into a tail gas, a liquid hydrocarbon phase containing the higher hydrocarbons produced in step.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of hydrocarbon products and for the generation of power comprising the steps of (a) providing a synthesis gas having a hydrogen to carbon monoxide ratio of between 0.1 and 1; (b) contacting the synthesis gas with one or more catalysts which together catalyse a reaction of hydrogen and carbon monoxide to oxygenates comprising methanol and dimethyl ether with a dimethyl ether to methanol ratio of higher than 2 and a carbon dioxide content of above 20 mole %; (c) contacting the carbon dioxide containing oxygenate mixture at an inlet temperature of between 240 and 4000 C with a catalyst being active in the conversion of oxygenate to higher hydrocarbons and a tail gas being rich in carbon dioxide; (d) combusting the carbon dioxide rich tail gas, optionally admixed with fresh carbon monoxide rich synthesis gas in a gas turbine combustion chamber to flue gas; and (e) expanding the flue gas stream through a gas turbine for the generation of power.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of hydrocarbon products comprising the steps of a) providing a synthesis gas comprising hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide; (b) reacting at least part of the synthesis gas to an oxygenate mixture comprising methanol and dimethyl ether in presence of one or more catalysts which together catalyse a reaction of hydrogen and carbon monoxide to oxygenates at a pressure of at least 3 MPa; (c) withdrawing from step (b) a reaction mixture comprising amounts of methanol, dimethyl ether, carbon dioxide and water together with unreacted synthesis gas and cooling the reaction mixture to obtain a liquid phase with the amounts of methanol, dimethyl ether and water and simultaneously dissolving carbon dioxide in the liquid phase; (d) separating the carbon dioxide containing liquid phase from a remaining gaseous phase comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide; (e) evaporating and reacting the liquid phase being withdrawn from step (d) in presence of a catalyst being active in the convers

Abstract: A process for the hydrotreating of fuels with co-production of hydrogen during operation of the process, which enables i.e. reduced need of make-up hydrogen in the hydrotreating stage. The hydrocarbon fuel introduced to the hydrotreatment stage is a fuel containing renewable organic material which generates carbon monoxide during operation of the process. The carbon monoxide is then converted to hydrogen in the recycle loop by a water gas shift stage.

Abstract: A process for the adjustment of the composition of a synthesis gas produced in a high temperature black liquor gasifier.

Abstract: A process for a reduction in the amount of sulphur compounds, hydrogen cyanide, formic acid and formic acid derivatives in synthesis gas comprising these compounds, the process comprising contacting the synthesis gas with a sulphur absorbent comprising material and thereafter with a catalyst comprising one or more metals selected from the group consisting of silver, gold, copper, palladium, platinum and their mixtures and supported on a carrier comprising at least one of the oxides of scandium, yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, titanium, zirconium, aluminium, zinc, chromium and molybdenum.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of hydrocarbon products comprising the steps of a) providing a synthesis gas comprising hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide; (b) reacting at least part of the synthesis gas to an oxygenate mixture comprising methanol and dimethyl ether in presence of one or more catalysts which together catalyse a reaction of hydrogen and carbon monoxide to oxygenates at a pressure of at least 3 MPa; (c) withdrawing from step (b) a reaction mixture comprising amounts of methanol, dimethyl ether, carbon dioxide and water together with unreacted synthesis gas and cooling the reaction mixture to obtain a liquid phase with the amounts of methanol, dimethyl ether and water and simultaneously dissolving carbon dioxide in the liquid phase; (d) separating the carbon dioxide containing liquid phase from a remaining gaseous phase comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide; (e) evaporating and reacting the liquid phase being withdrawn from step (d) in presence of a catalyst being active in the convers

Abstract: A process for the hydrotreating of fuels with co-production of hydrogen during operation of the process, which enables i.e. reduced need of make-up hydrogen in the hydrotreating stage. The hydrocarbon fuel introduced to the hydrotreatment stage is a fuel containing renewable organic material which generates carbon monoxide during operation of the process. The carbon monoxide is then converted to hydrogen in the recycle loop by a water gas shift stage.

Abstract: A process for the abatement of carbonyl sulphide, carbon disulphide, metal carbonyl compounds, hydrogen sulphide and hydrogen cyanide, ammonia and arsenic and chlorine compounds from a feed gas comprising the steps of contacting the gas in succession with a first purification agent comprising activated carbon, with a second purification agent comprising alumina, with a third purification agent comprising zinc oxide, with a fourth purification agent comprising a zeolitic material and a fifth purification agent comprising zinc oxide and copper oxide.