Abstract: The invention provides a long-acting parathyroid hormone peptide (PTH) that is retained in a subject's blood serum for periods of time that greatly exceed the natural hormone. The long-acting PTH is conjugated to at the carbon 3 position of a non-hormonal vitamin D via a scaffold of discreet length that facilitates its purification, detection, solubility, and efficacy at the PTH receptor (PTHR). The PTH may be conjugated to the non-hormonal vitamin D via a 36 mer poly(ethylene glycol) moiety (PTH-PEG36-VitD). The invention also provides optimized manufacturing methods and formulations. The PTH-PEG36-VitD has a vastly-improved serum half-life and bioavailability when compared to a non-conjugated PTH peptide. PTH-PEG36-VitD also significantly increases serum calcium, reduces urinary calcium, and reduces serum phosphate.

Abstract: The invention provides a long-acting parathyroid hormone peptide (PTH) that is retained in a subject's blood serum for periods of time that greatly exceed the natural hormone. The long-acting PTH is conjugated to at the carbon 3 position of a non-hormonal vitamin D via a scaffold of discreet length that facilitates its purification, detection, solubility, and efficacy at the PTH receptor (PTHR). The PTH may be conjugated to the non-hormonal vitamin D via a 36 mer poly(ethylene glycol) moiety (PTH-PEG36-VitD). The invention also provides optimized manufacturing methods and formulations. The PTH-PEG36-VitD has a vastly-improved serum half-life and bioavailability when compared to a non-conjugated PTH peptide. PTH-PEG36-VitD also significantly increases serum calcium, reduces urinary calcium, and reduces serum phosphate.

Abstract: A method of treating congenital hyperinsulinism in a subject is disclosed. The method can include parenterally administering to the subject a first composition comprising a glucagon, a glucagon analogue, or a salt form of either thereof, and optionally administering to the subject a second composition comprising glucose, a glucose analogue, or a salt form of either thereof, wherein administration of the first composition sufficiently increases blood glucose level in the subject such that the second composition is not administered or the second composition is administered at a glucose infusion rate (GIR) of less than 8 mg/(kg*min).

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for achieving a therapeutically effective plasma levels of insulin by administering at least two doses of pharmaceutical formulation of insulin sequentially into the same nostril. The administration of the second dose in the same nostril gives substantially higher plasma levels of insulin when compared with sequential administration in two different nostrils. Without being limited to any specific physiological mechanism, it is believed that the first dose of insulin acts as a loading dose. This loading dose is required to achieve the subsequent plasma levels of insulin that are observed with subsequent doses. The Cmax of plasma insulin achieved by the methods and formulations of the present invention is at least about 70 microU/ml when plasma insulin is measured from about 0 to about 45 minutes after administration of a second dose. The AUC achieved is at least about 1800 microU/(ml*min).

Abstract: A method for predicting the effectiveness of medication-based therapy in lowering average blood glucose levels in a diabetic patient is provided. This method may further comprise selectively recommending a medication-based therapy on the basis of the arithmetic average of the relative minima. A method for determining susceptibility to symptomatic hypoglycemia in a patient is provided. This method may further comprise selectively recommending a medication-based therapy on the basis of the arithmetic average of the relative minima. Provided also is a device for continuously monitoring blood glucose levels in a patient. The methods and device involve applying a Fourier approximation to blood glucose level data.