Abstract: An arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) can have a reusable delay line, a plurality of coupling devices, and a free propagation region (FPR). The delay line can have a continuous first waveguide connected to receive a plurality of wavelengths. Each coupling device can have a second waveguide coupled to a respective portion of the continuous first waveguide. The FPR can have input and output ends. The input end of the FPR can be coupled to receive the radiation from each of the coupling devices. The radiation can be directed to spatially-separated output channels based on wavelength at the output end of the FPR. The plurality of coupling devices and the delay line are configured to control power and phase distributions of the radiation transmitted to the FPR.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a hand based blood pressure measurement system, apparatus and method. In one embodiment two or more hand-based electrocardiogram (E.C.G.) sensor and one or more hand-based arterial pulse wave measurement sensor are used. These respectively determine the E.C.G. waveform associated with the heart beat blood transmission pulse and the GO arterial pulse/wave measurement. This data is used to measure the pulse transit time for one or more heart beats. In one embodiment the arterial pulse measurement is done using a photoplethysmogram sensor. In another embodiment the arterial pulse measurement is done using a pressure sensor.