Abstract: Systems and methods of determining languages of users in networked environments are provided herein. A data processing system having one or more processors coupled with memory can receive, from a client device, a request for content identifying an account profile. The data processing system can determine, using a log record identifying activities of the account profile, a first set of candidate languages. The data processing system can identify a plurality of information resources to be presented in accordance with a ranking. The data processing system can a second set of candidate languages from the plurality of languages based on content in each information resource and a corresponding ranking of each information resource. The data processing system can identify a set of languages included in both the first set of candidate languages and the second set of candidate languages.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for processing non-uniform datasets.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus include computer programs encoded on a computer-readable storage medium, including a method for providing information about cookies. Input is received from a data provider, the input including one or more cookies associated with users in a network. Each cookie is evaluated, and an activity level in the network for a given cookie is determined. A threshold activity level is determined. Inactive cookies are identified based on the determined activity level of a respective cookie and the threshold activity level. Inactive cookies are reported.