Abstract: A spectroscopic chemical compound identification system includes a container, a memory, a spectrometer, and a processor. The container receives unknown chemical compound. The memory stores a plurality of spectral signatures corresponding to known chemical compounds. The spectrometer measures a spectral signature of the unknown chemical compound through the container. The processor is connected to the memory and the spectrometer, performs a comparison of the spectral signature with at least one of the plurality of spectral signatures, and determines the identity of the unknown chemical compound from the comparison. The system can be housed in a portable handheld housing. A chemical compound can include a pharmaceutical or controlled substance. The system can be also be used to determine if a pharmaceutical or controlled substance is present within an unknown mixture of chemical compounds.

Abstract: A fiber optic input receives light reflected from an unknown compound. An input mask encodes the light received with a one-dimensional input code. A spectral imaging subsystem images the input coded mask and disperses the image. An output mask receives the dispersed image on a row and, at each time step of a plurality of time steps, changes the code of the row to further encode the image. An illumination subsystem collects the additionally encoded light from the row at each time step. A point detector receives the collected light from the illumination subsystem and converts it to an electrical signal at each time step. A memory stores the electrical signal at each time step. A processor calculates a spectral signature for the unknown compound from the electrical signals stored, the one-dimensional input code, and the different additional one-dimensional codes applied.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical solid in a prescription vial is identified from an optical property of the pharmaceutical solid using light reflected from two different light sources. For each known pharmaceutical solid, an optical property of the known pharmaceutical solid is stored. The prescription vial is illuminated with a first light source and a first image is recorded. The prescription vial is then illuminated with a second light source and a second image is recorded. The first image and the second image are processed to find an optical property of the pharmaceutical solid. The optical property found is compared to the stored optical properties. The identity of the pharmaceutical solid is determined from the comparison. The first light source and the second light source are selected to remove artifacts of the prescription bottle or to enhance or suppress two-dimensional or three-dimensional effects on the surface of the pharmaceutical solid.

Abstract: Systems and methods perform signature extraction from an acquired spectrum of a pharmaceutical. An acquired spectrum of the pharmaceutical is measured using a spectrometer. The acquired spectrum is obtained from the spectrometer using a processor. A system-response function of the spectrometer is removed from the acquired spectrum using the processor. An intensity of the acquired spectrum is normalized to a predetermined scale using the processor. Fluorescence is removed from the acquired spectrum using the processor. Finally, an extracted signature of the pharmaceutical is obtained from the remainder of the acquired spectrum using the processor. If the acquired spectrum of the pharmaceutical is measured by the spectrometer through a container holding the pharmaceutical, a spectrum of the container is removed from the remainder of the acquired spectrum to produce the extracted signature of the pharmaceutical using the processor.

Abstract: Machine vision is used to identify a discontinuity in the boundary of an object in an image. An image of one or more objects is captured. One or more skeletons of the one or more objects are calculated. One or more boundaries of the one or more objects are calculated. A plurality of radial lines is extended from a spine point of a skeleton to the one or more boundaries. Each radial line intersects a boundary at a radial endpoint producing a plurality of radial endpoints. For each radial endpoint an expected radial endpoint is calculated based on two or more neighboring radial endpoints. If the difference between the radial endpoint and its expected radial endpoint exceeds a threshold, a radial line including the radial endpoint is identified as a discontinuity in a boundary of an object.

Abstract: The static MMS spectral reconstruction process is optimized using algorithmic methods. Because the static MMS encodes spectral information across the detector plane in a highly non-local way, optical errors have a non-local effect on the reconstruction which introduces noise and errors at regions throughout the spectral range. Mathematical signal processing techniques are used to condition and deconvolve the spectral image to compensate for non-ideal system behavior. Spectral signal-to-noise and accuracy are both improved, while the inherent resolution and etendue advantages of the static MMS technique are retained.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for imaging a test substrate having a test surface that is configured to enable spectroscopic detection of one or more chemical or biological species, wherein the test surface includes a testing site disposed thereon according to a predetermined spatial pattern. The test substrate is provided in an image plane or a Fourier Transform plane of a sensor. The invention provides high throughput and high spectral resolution.

Abstract: Machine vision is used to identify a discontinuity in the boundary of an object in an image. An image of one or more objects is captured. One or more skeletons of the one or more objects are calculated. One or more boundaries of the one or more objects are calculated. A plurality of radial lines is extended from a spine point of a skeleton to the one or more boundaries. Each radial line intersects a boundary at a radial endpoint producing a plurality of radial endpoints. For each radial endpoint an expected radial endpoint is calculated based on two or more neighboring radial endpoints. If the difference between the radial endpoint and its expected radial endpoint exceeds a threshold, a radial line including the radial endpoint is identified as a discontinuity in a boundary of an object.

Abstract: A spectroscopic chemical compound identification system includes a container, a memory, a spectrometer, and a processor. The container receives unknown chemical compound. The memory stores a plurality of spectral signatures corresponding to known chemical compounds. The spectrometer measures a spectral signature of the unknown chemical compound through the container. The processor is connected to the memory and the spectrometer, performs a comparison of the spectral signature with at least one of the plurality of spectral signatures, and determines the identity of the unknown chemical compound from the comparison. The system can be housed in a portable handheld housing. A chemical compound can include a pharmaceutical or controlled substance. The system can be also be used to determine if a pharmaceutical or controlled substance is present within an unknown mixture of chemical compounds.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to systems and methods for communicating pharmaceutical verification information between a server and a node using a network. A node includes a pharmaceutical identification and verification system. The verification information includes a known spectral signature of a known pharmaceutical and a corresponding known pharmaceutical name and dosage strength of the known pharmaceutical. The server stores the verification information in a server database. The node receives the verification information from the server, stores the verification information in the client database, reads a pharmaceutical name and dosage strength from a container enclosing a pharmaceutical, obtains a detected spectral signature for the pharmaceutical, and compares the detected spectral signature to the at least one known spectral signature. The pharmaceutical identification and verification system includes a static multimodal multiplex spectrometer.

Abstract: Systems and methods perform signature extraction from an acquired spectrum of a pharmaceutical. An acquired spectrum of the pharmaceutical is measured using a spectrometer. The acquired spectrum is obtained from the spectrometer using a processor. A system-response function of the spectrometer is removed from the acquired spectrum using the processor. An intensity of the acquired spectrum is normalized to a predetermined scale using the processor. Fluorescence is removed from the acquired spectrum using the processor. Finally, an extracted signature of the pharmaceutical is obtained from the remainder of the acquired spectrum using the processor. If the acquired spectrum of the pharmaceutical is measured by the spectrometer through a container holding the pharmaceutical, a spectrum of the container is removed from the remainder of the acquired spectrum to produce the extracted signature of the pharmaceutical using the processor.

Abstract: An optical wavemeter includes a slit, a diffraction grating, a mask, a complementary grating, and a detector. A monochromatic source is incident on the slit. The diffraction grating produces an image of the slit in an image plane at a horizontal position that is wavelength dependent. The mask has a two-dimensional pattern of transmission variations and produces different vertical intensity channels for different spectral channels. The complementary grating produces a stationary image of the slit independent of wavelength. The detector measures vertical variations in intensity of the stationary image, and the mask is created so that the number of measurements made by the detector is less than the number of spectral channels sampled.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical solid in a prescription vial is identified from an optical property of the pharmaceutical solid using light reflected from two different light sources. For each known pharmaceutical solid, an optical property of the known pharmaceutical solid is stored. The prescription vial is illuminated with a first light source and a first image is recorded. The prescription vial is then illuminated with a second light source and a second image is recorded. The first image and the second image are processed to find an optical property of the pharmaceutical solid. The optical property found is compared to the stored optical properties. The identity of the pharmaceutical solid is determined from the comparison. The first light source and the second light source are selected to remove artifacts of the prescription bottle or to enhance or suppress two-dimensional or three-dimensional effects on the surface of the pharmaceutical solid.

Abstract: A class of aperture coded spectrometer is optimized for the spectral characterization of diffuse sources. The instrument achieves high throughput and high spatial resolution by replacing the slit of conventional dispersive spectrometers with a spatial filter or mask. A number of masks can be used including Harmonic masks, Legendre masks, and Hadamard masks.

Abstract: An optical signal is compressively sampled using an optical component to encode multiplex measurements. A mapping from the optical signal to a detector array is created using spatial and/or spectral dispersion. Signals transmitted by a plurality of transmissive elements of the optical component are detected at each sensor of a plurality of sensors of the detector array dispersed spatially with respect to the optical component. Each sensor of a plurality of sensors produces a measurement resulting in a number of measurements. A number of estimated optical signal values is calculated from the number of measurements and a transmission function. The transmission function is selected so that the number of measurements is less than the number of estimated optical signal values.

Abstract: An optical signal is compressively sampled. An optical component with a plurality of transmissive elements and a plurality of opaque elements is created. The location of the plurality of transmissive elements and the plurality of opaque elements is determined by a transmission function. A spectrum of the optical signal is dispersed across the optical component. Signals transmitted by the plurality of transmissive elements are detected in a single time step at each sensor of a plurality of sensors dispersed spatially with respect to the optical component. Each sensor of the plurality of sensors produces a measurement resulting in a number of measurements for the single time step. A number of estimated optical signal values is calculated from the number of measurements and the transmission function. The transmission function is selected so that the number of measurements is less than the number of estimated optical signal values.

Abstract: A signal is temporally compressively sampled. A plurality of analog to digital converters are assembled to sample the signal. Each analog to digital converter of the plurality of analog to digital converters is configured to sample the signal at a time step determined by a temporal sampling function. The signal is sampled over a period of time using the plurality of analog to digital converters. Each analog to digital converter of the plurality of analog to digital converters produces a measurement resulting in a number of measurements for the period of time. A number of estimated signal values are calculated from the number of measurements and the temporal sampling function. The temporal sampling function is selected so that the number of measurements is less than the number of estimated signal values.

Abstract: An optical signal is copressively sampled using an imaging system. The imaging system is created from a plurality of subimaging systems. Each subimaging system comprises a subaperture and a plurality of sensors. The optical signal is collected at each subaperture of the plurality of subimaging systems at a single time step. The optical signal is transformed into a subimage at each subimaging system of plurality of subimaging systems. The subimage includes at least one measurement from a plurality of sensors of each subimaging systems. An image of the optical signal is calculated from the sampling function and each subimage, spatial location, pixel sampling function, and point spread function of each subimaging system of the plurality of subimaging systems. The sampling function is selected so that the number of measurements from a plurality of subimages is less than a number of estimated optical signal values in the image.

Abstract: A transmission mask or coded aperture is used in spectroscopy to compressively sample an optical signal. The locations of transmissive and opaque elements of the mask are determined by a transmission function. The optical signal transmitted by the mask is detected at each sensor of a plurality of sensors dispersed spatially with respect to the mask. A number of estimated optical signal values is calculated from sensor measurements and the transmission function. The optical signal is compressed by selecting the transmission function so that the number of measurements is less than the number of estimated optical signal values. A reconstructed optical signal is further calculated using signal inference. An imaging system created from plurality of encoded subimaging systems compressively samples an optical signal.

Abstract: A spatial filter for an optical system, such as an optical spectrometer, collects and spatially filters light using a fiber bundle having a plurality of fibers disposed therein. At an input end of the fiber bundle, the fibers are typically packed tightly together to optimize the collection efficiency. At an output end, the fibers are spread out from the fiber bundle and arranged within a two-dimensional output area according to a two-dimensional pattern corresponding to a coded aperture function. As a result, the two-dimensional pattern of the output end spatially filters the light collected by the input end. Corresponding methods are also described.