Abstract: A process for synthesizing a Mn4+ doped phosphor of formula I by electrolysis is presented. The process includes electrolyzing a reaction solution comprising a source of manganese, a source of M and a source of A. One aspect relates to a phosphor composition produced by the process. A lighting apparatus including the phosphor composition is also provided. Ax[MFy]:Mn4+ (I) where, A is Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, or a combination thereof; M is Si, Ge, Sn, Ti, Zr, Al, Ga, In, Sc, Hf, Y, La, Nb, Ta, Bi, Gd, or a combination thereof; x is the absolute value of the charge of the [MFy] ion; and y is 5, 6 or 7.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for detecting photons are disclosed. The apparatus includes a scintillator single crystal and an avalanche photodiode coupled to the scintillator single crystal. The scintillator single crystal is at a temperature greater than about 175° C. and at a shock level in a range from about 20 Grms to about 30 Grms. The scintillator single crystal includes a praseodymium doped composition selected from (LaxY1-x)2Si2O7:Pr, ABCl3-yXy:Pr, A2(Li,Na)LaCl6-yXy:Pr, or any combinations thereof. As used herein A is cesium, rubidium, potassium, sodium, or a combination thereof, B is calcium, barium, strontium, magnesium, cadmium, zinc, or a combination thereof, and X is bromine, iodine, or a combination thereof. Further, (0<x<1), and (0<y<3).

Abstract: A process for coating a phosphor of formula I: Ax[MFy]:Mn4+ includes combining the phosphor of formula I in particulate form with a first solution including a compound of formula II: Ax[MFy] to form a suspension and combining a second solution with the suspension, the second solution including a precursor including an element selected from the group consisting of calcium, strontium, magnesium, yittrium, barium, scandium, lanthanum, and combinations thereof. A population of particles having a core including a phosphor of formula I and a manganese-free composite coating disposed on the core, and a lighting apparatus (10) including the population of particles are also presented.

Abstract: A lighting apparatus includes a semiconductor light source in direct contact with a polymer composite comprising a color stable Mn4+ doped phosphor, wherein the lighting apparatus has a color shift of ?1.5 MacAdam ellipses after operating for at least 2,000 hour at a LED current density greater than 2 A/cm2, a LED wall-plug efficiency greater than 40%, and a board temperature greater than 25° C.

Abstract: Temperature sensors for integrated circuits that use back-gate bias for low power operation. A temperature sensor can comprise a voltage-gate-source generator having sensing transistors; an Ibias generator; a back-gate bias generator; and a temperature read-out circuit. In a calibration mode, the temperature sensor determines a back-gate bias voltage and a resistor trimming code to be used during functional operation.

Abstract: A phosphor composition is derived from combining K2SiF6:Mn4+ in solid form with a saturated solution of a manganese-free complex fluoride including a composition of formula I: A3[MF6], where A is selected from Na, K, Rb, and combinations thereof and M is selected from Al, Ga, In, Sc, Y, Gd, and combinations thereof. The composition of formula I: A3[MF6] has a water solubility lower than a water solubility of K2SiF6. A lighting apparatus including the phosphor composition is also provided.

Abstract: A process for synthesizing a manganese doped phosphor of formula I: Ax [MFy]:Mn4+ is presented. The process includes contacting a first solution with a second solution and a third solution in the presence of a plurality of inert particles. The first solution and the second solution include a composition of formula II: Ax[MnFy]. The third solution includes a source of M, where A is Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, or combinations thereof; M is Si, Ge, Sn, Ti, Zr, Al, Ga, In, Sc, Hf, Y, La, Nb, Ta, Bi, Gd, or combinations thereof; x is an absolute value of a charge of the [MFy] ion; and y is 5, 6 or 7.

Abstract: Metathesized triacylglycerol polyols derived from certain natural oils, including canola oil, and their related physical properties are disclosed. Such metathesized triacylglycerol polyols are also used as a component of polyurethane applications, including polyurethane foams.

Abstract: Metathesized triacylglycerol polyols and their related physical and thermal properties are disclosed. Such metathesized triacylglycerol polyols are also used as a component of polyurethane applications, including polyurethane foams.

Abstract: Metathesized triacylglycerol green polyols and their related physical and thermal properties are disclosed. Such metathesized triacylglycerol green polyols are also used as a component of polyurethane applications, including polyurethane foams.

Abstract: Temperature sensors for integrated circuits that use back-gate bias for low power operation. A temperature sensor can comprise a voltage-gate-source generator having sensing transistors; an Ibias generator; a back-gate bias generator; and a temperature read-out circuit. In a calibration mode, the temperature sensor determines a back-gate bias voltage and a resistor trimming code to be used during functional operation.

Abstract: A process for synthesizing a Mn4+ doped phosphor of formula I by electrolysis is presented. The process includes electrolyzing a reaction solution comprising a source of manganese, a source of M and a source of A. One aspect relates to a phosphor composition produced by the process. A lighting apparatus including the phosphor composition is also provided. Ax[MFy]:Mn4+ (I) where, A is Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, or a combination thereof; M is Si, Ge, Sn, Ti, Zr, Al, Ga, In, Sc, Hf, Y, La, Nb, Ta, Bi, Gd, or a combination thereof; x is the absolute value of the charge of the [MFy] ion; and y is 5, 6 or 7.

Abstract: Metathesized triacylglycerol polyols, fractionated polyol variants thereof, and their related physical and thermal properties are disclosed.

Abstract: A process for synthesizing a color stable Mn4+ doped phosphor includes contacting a precursor of formula I, in gaseous form at an elevated temperature with a fluorine-containing oxidizing agent to form the color stable Mn4+ doped phosphor Ax[MFy]:Mn4+??I wherein A is Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, NR4 or a combination thereof; M is Si, Ge, Sn, Ti, Zr, Al, Ga, In, Sc, Hf, Y, La, Nb, Ta, Bi, Gd, or a combination thereof; R is H, lower alkyl, or a combination thereof; x is the absolute value of the charge of the [MFy] ion; and y is 5, 6 or 7.

Abstract: A lighting apparatus includes a semiconductor light source in direct contact with a polymer composite comprising a color stable Mn4+ doped phosphor, wherein the lighting apparatus has a color shift of 1.5 MacAdam ellipses after operating for at least 2,000 hour at a LED current density greater than 2 A/cm2, a LED wall-plug efficiency greater than 40%, and a board temperature greater than 25° C.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for detecting photons are disclosed. The apparatus includes a scintillator single crystal and an avalanche photodiode coupled to the scintillator single crystal. The scintillator single crystal is at a temperature greater than about 175° C. and at a shock level in a range from about 20 Grms to about 30 Grms. The scintillator single crystal includes a praseodymium doped composition selected from (LaxY1-x)2Si2O7:Pr, ABCl3-yXy:Pr, A2(Li, Na)LaCl6-yXy:Pr, or any combinations thereof. As used herein A is cesium, rubidium, potassium, sodium, or a combination thereof, B is calcium, barium, strontium, magnesium, cadmium, zinc, or a combination thereof, and X is bromine, iodine, or a combination thereof. Further, (0<x<1), and (0<y<3).

Abstract: A phosphor material is presented that includes a blend of a first phosphor, a second phosphor and a third phosphor. The first phosphor includes a composition having a general formula of RE2?yM1+yA2?yScySin?wGewO12+?:Ce3+ wherein RE is selected from a lanthanide ion or Y3+, where M is selected from Mg, Ca, Sr or Ba, A is selected from Mg or Zn and where 0?y?2, 2.5?n?3.5, 0?w?1, and ?1.5???1.5. The second phosphor includes a complex fluoride doped with manganese (Mn4+), and the third phosphor include a phosphor composition having an emission peak in a range from about 520 nanometers to about 680 nanometers. A lighting apparatus including such a phosphor material is also presented. The light apparatus includes a light source in addition to the phosphor material.

Abstract: A color stable Mn4+ doped phosphor of formula I, Ax[MFy]:Mn4+??I wherein A is Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, or a combination thereof; M is Si, Ge, Sn, Ti, Zr, Al, Ga, In, Sc, Hf, Y, La, Nb, Ta, Bi, Gd, or a combination thereof; x is the absolute value of the charge of the [MFy] ion; y is 5, 6 or 7; and wherein % intensity loss of the phosphor after exposure to light flux of at least 80 w/cm2 at a temperature of at least 50° C. for at least 21 hours is ?4%.

Abstract: A phosphor composition is derived from combining K2SiF6:Mn4+ in solid form with a saturated solution of a manganese-free complex fluoride including a composition of formula I:A3[MF6], where A is selected from Na, K, Rb, and combinations thereof and M is selected from Al, Ga, In, Sc, Y, Gd, and combinations thereof. The composition of formula I:A3[MF6] has a water solubility lower than a water solubility of K2SiF6. A lighting apparatus including the phosphor composition is also provided.

Abstract: Polyols derived from palm oil fractions of metathesized triacylglycerols, and their related physical properties are disclosed. Such metathesized triacylglycerol polyols are also used as a component of polyurethane applications, including polyurethane foams.