Abstract: Solutions to control use of back-up batteries of a radio access network in a virtual power plant are disclosed. In the solutions, a virtual power plant manager entity obtains site information on radio access network element sites, at least some of which are usable as additional power capacity providers in the virtual power plant, and energy balancing related information of a power grid using the virtual power plant. The virtual power plant manager entity determines, based at least on the site information and the energy balancing related information, for at least one virtual power plant entity for the virtual power plant, control information relating to the virtual power plant, the control information optimizing virtual power plant utility while maintaining radio network stability, and transmits said control information to the at least one virtual power plant entity.

Abstract: In an aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and a system for managing a collection of virtual desktops are provided. The system receives, at a license manager and from a first virtual desktop of the collection of virtual desktops, a first request to validate a license for the first virtual desktop. The system also determines whether a license is available for the first virtual desktop. The system further sends a validation status message to the first virtual desktop to indicate whether a license is available for the first virtual desktop based on the determination.

Abstract: In an aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and a system for managing a collection of virtual desktops are provided. The system receives, at a license manager and from a first virtual desktop of the collection of virtual desktops, a first request to validate a license for the first virtual desktop. The system also determines whether a license is available for the first virtual desktop. The system further sends a validation status message to the first virtual desktop to indicate whether a license is available for the first virtual desktop based on the determination.

Abstract: Methods and devices for phase shifting an RF signal for a base station antenna are provided. The device includes a transmission line that has a stationary ground plane coupled to the top of a substrate and a signal line on the bottom of the substrate. The signal line has an input port and an output port. The input port receives the RF signal with a certain phase and travels across the bottom of the substrate to the output port. The RF signal has a different phase at the output port because defected ground structures etched on the stationary ground plane shift the phase of the RF signal. In addition, the device includes a movable ground plane that may cover a portion of the defected ground structures, the substrate, and the stationary ground plane such that the moveable ground plane further adjusts the phase of the RF signal.