Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods and compositions for controlling the localization of proteins in lipid structures. The disclosure also provides methods for selecting appropriate proteins for desired localization and distribution in lipid structures based on hydrophobic thickness.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide nanomaterial scaffolds for transporting electrons. There is provided a single wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) architecture employed as a conducting scaffold in semiconductor based photoelectrochemical cells. SWCNT architecture provides a nanotube network to disperse nanoparticles and/or quantum dots, whether ordered or randomized. As a result, an increase in incident photon conversion to charge carrier conversion efficiency (IPCE) represents a beneficial role of SWCNT architecture as a conducting scaffold to facilitate charge collection and charge transport in nanostructured semiconductor films. Embodiments may be used for solar cells based on semiconductor quantum dots and nanostructures, solar hydrogen production, microcapacitors and storage batteries, solar-fuel cell hybrids, etc.