Abstract: Example embodiments allow for training of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to generate depth maps based on images. The ANNs are trained based on a plurality of sets of images, where each set of images represents a single scene and the images in such a set of images differ with respect to image aperture and/or focal distance. An untrained ANN generates a depth map based on one or more images in a set of images. This depth map is used to generate, using the image(s) in the set, a predicted image that corresponds, with respect to image aperture and/or focal distance, to one of the images in the set. Differences between the predicted image and the corresponding image are used to update the ANN. ANNs tramed in this manner are especially suited for generating depth maps used to perform simulated image blur on small-aperture images.

Abstract: Example embodiments allow for training of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to generate depth maps based on images. The ANNs are trained based on a plurality of sets of images, where each set of images represents a single scene and the images in such a set of images differ with respect to image aperture and/or focal distance. An untrained ANN generates a depth map based on one or more images in a set of images. This depth map is used to generate, using the image(s) in the set, a predicted image that corresponds, with respect to image aperture and/or focal distance, to one of the images in the set. Differences between the predicted image and the corresponding image are used to update the ANN. ANNs tramed in this manner are especially suited for generating depth maps used to perform simulated image blur on small-aperture images.

Abstract: A pseudo light-field display uses a stereoscopic display viewed by a user, with a variable lens disposed between each eye and the display, and a half-silvered mirror disposed between each lens and the display. A focus measurement device operates through at least one half-silvered mirror with one of the variable lenses to detect focus of an eye, providing a focus output, and controlling both variable lenses. A gaze direction measurement device operates through both half-silvered mirrors to detect the gaze direction of each eye, and provides an output of the vergence or individual gaze directions of the eyes. The focus, vergence, and gaze directions are used to establish a visual focal plane, whereby objects on the display that are being gazed upon in the visual focal plane are in focus, with other objects appropriately blurred, thereby approximating a light-field display.