Abstract: A method for encapsulating electromagnetic propagation model features to create composable prediction models includes obtaining electromagnetic (EM) impediment data for a geographical area. The method also includes dividing the geographical area into a plurality of tiles. Each tile of the plurality of tiles includes a geometric shape that encompasses a distinct non-overlapping portion of the geographical area. For each tile of the plurality of tiles, the method also includes determining one or more composable EM attenuation values for EM signals propagating through the distinct non-overlapping portion of the geographical area encompassed by the tile using the EM impediment data and caching the one or more composable EM attenuation values determined for the corresponding tile.

Abstract: A method for rapidly evaluating inequality expressions for electromagnetic propagation includes obtaining a threshold loss value establishing a maximum electromagnetic (EM) path loss between a first geographical point and a second geographical point. The method also includes, for each of a plurality of EM paths between the first geographical point and the second geographical point, obtaining a minimum EM loss value for the corresponding EM path and a maximum EM loss value for the corresponding EM path and determining whether the maximum EM loss value for the corresponding EM path satisfies the threshold loss value. Additionally, the method includes, when the maximum EM loss value for the corresponding EM path satisfies the threshold loss value, determining that an actual EM path loss value for the corresponding EM path between the first geographical point and the second geographical point satisfies the threshold loss value.

Abstract: A method to perform operations includes receiving an electromagnetic (EM) loss request requesting an EM loss between a first requested geographical point and a second requested geographical point. For each end geographical point in a set of different end geographical points that share a same source geographical point, the operations include obtaining a respective EM path loss value between the corresponding end geographical point and the source geographical point and generating a set of virtual loss lines. For each respective virtual loss line, the operations include determining a respective virtual EM loss based on the respective EM path loss values obtained for each end geographical point in the respective pair of end geographical points connected by the respective virtual loss line. The operations include estimating the EM loss between the first and second requested geographical points based on the virtual EM losses determined for the set of virtual loss lines.

Abstract: A method for rapidly evaluating inequality expressions for electromagnetic propagation includes obtaining a threshold loss value establishing a maximum electromagnetic (EM) path loss between a first geographical point and a second geographical point. The method also includes, for each of a plurality of EM paths between the first geographical point and the second geographical point, obtaining a minimum EM loss value for the corresponding EM path and a maximum EM loss value for the corresponding EM path and determining whether the maximum EM loss value for the corresponding EM path satisfies the threshold loss value. Additionally, the method includes, when the maximum EM loss value for the corresponding EM path satisfies the threshold loss value, determining that an actual EM path loss value for the corresponding EM path between the first geographical point and the second geographical point satisfies the threshold loss value.

Abstract: A method for encapsulating electromagnetic propagation model features to create composable prediction models includes obtaining electromagnetic (EM) impediment data for a geographical area. The method also includes dividing the geographical area into a plurality of tiles. Each tile of the plurality of tiles includes a geometric shape that encompasses a distinct non-overlapping portion of the geographical area. For each tile of the plurality of tiles, the method also includes determining one or more composable EM attenuation values for EM signals propagating through the distinct non-overlapping portion of the geographical area encompassed by the tile using the EM impediment data and caching the one or more composable EM attenuation values determined for the corresponding tile.

Abstract: A novel battery separator for a flat-pack or planar battery is disclosed wherein a nonwoven fabric is disposed on and across a plastic frame or grid, the outer edges of the fabric being disposed on said plastic frame are of extremely low fiber density and being oriented predominantly in a direction normal to each side of the frames so as to facilitate the more complete thermal pressurized bonding of a stack of separators and similarly electrodes by a sealing of the outer edges of the respective plastic frames. A more complete seal is thus formed insuring against the leaking or escaping of the liquid electrolyte contained therein.