Abstract: A system and method are provided that use RF energy to enhance the extraction of oil and gas from hydrocarbon bearing strata. A three-dimensional underground electromagnetic array of coupled well pipe segments is used to guide RF energy to where that energy is converted to heat in the hydrocarbon bearing strata. The three dimensional underground electromagnetic array of coupled well pipe segments includes a switch to selectively activate coupled well pipe segments and is a guided wave structure, as opposed to an antenna structure, to minimize the unwanted effects of the near fields associated with antennas. In one embodiment, the leas of the three-dimensional underground electromagnetic array are composed of production well pipe.

Abstract: A system and method are provided that use RF energy to enhance the extraction of oil and gas from hydrocarbon bearing strata. A three-dimensional underground electromagnetic array is used to guide RF energy to where that energy is convened to heat in the hydrocarbon bearing strata. The three dimensional underground electromagnetic array is a guided wave structure, as opposed to an antenna structure, to minimize the unwanted effects of the near fields associated with antennas. In one embodiment, the legs of the three-dimensional underground electromagnetic array are composed of production well pipe.

Abstract: A system and method are provided that use RF energy to enhance the extraction of oil and gas from hydrocarbon bearing strata. A three-dimensional underground electromagnetic array is used to guide RF energy to where that energy is converted to heat in the hydrocarbon bearing strata. The three dimensional underground electromagnetic array is a guided wave structure, as opposed to an antenna structure, to minimize the unwanted effects of the near fields associated with antennas. In one embodiment, the legs of the three-dimensional underground electromagnetic array are composed of production well pipe.

Abstract: A system and method are provided that use RF energy to enhance the extraction of oil and gas from hydrocarbon bearing strata. A three-dimensional underground electromagnetic array is used to guide RF energy to where that energy is converted to heat in the hydrocarbon bearing strata. The three dimensional underground electromagnetic array is a guided wave structure, as opposed to an antenna structure, to minimize the unwanted effects of the near fields associated with antennas. In one embodiment, the legs of the three-dimensional underground electromagnetic array are composed of production well pipe.

Abstract: Disclosed is a planar dual mode microstrip filter with the coupling between similar modes on different patches governed by the spacing between the patches rather than by microstrip coupling lines between the patches. The patches are shaped to allow dual mode coupling. The materials used in building this filter were an alumina substrate with gold metalization. The filter is encased in a conducting box made from a conducting material. One advantage of the proximity coupled structure is that it reduces the number of parts, complexity and allows the filter to be realized in a smaller space than in previous dual mode designs. This filter is useful in satellite communications, radar, and cellular communications. High temperature superconductor materials can be used in a planar microstrip form.